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1 without

прийм.

без; без того, що б

without detriment to any third country — не на шкоду третій країні

without discrimination based on race, national or ethnic origin, color, religion, sex and age — без дискримінації на підставі раси, національного або етнічного походження, кольору шкіри, релігії, статі і віку

- without any ground
- without appeal
- without attorney intervention
- without authority
- without book
- without chance of parole
- without charge
- without control
- without day
- without debate
- without delay
- without due authority
- without due process of law
- without fair legal procedure
- without good cause
- without her consent
- without impeachment of waste
- without judicial interference
- without lawful authority
- without lawful excuse
- without lawful occasion
- without leave
- without legal justification
- without legal provision
- without let or hindrance
- without limitations
- without mercy
- without owner
- without parliamentary consent
- without prejudice
- without-prejudice interview
- without-prejudice letter
- without-prejudice negotiation
- without-prejudice statement
- without proper authority
- without reasonable excuse
- without stint
- without supervision
- without the consent
- without the knowledge
- without the leave of the court
- without the option of fine
- without the owner's consent
- without the owner's permission
- without the slightest grounds
- without undue delay
- without validity
- without vote
- without-debate vote
- without-debate voting
- without licence
- without license
- without permission
- without permit
- without reserve
- without reservation
- without reservations

English-Ukrainian law dictionary > without
2 pass

pass [pɑ:s]

col ⇒ 1 (a) laissez-passer ⇒ 1 (b) moyenne ⇒ 1 (c) passe ⇒ 1 (e)-(g) passer devant ⇒ 2 (a) dépasser ⇒ 2 (a) passer ⇒ 2 (b)-(e), 2 (j), 3 (a), 3 (b), 3 (d), 3 (e), 3 (g), 3 (h) être reçu à ⇒ 2 (f) voter ⇒ 2 (g) se passer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (f) être voté ⇒ 3 (i)

1 noun

(a) (in mountains) col m, défilé m;

∎ the Brenner Pass le col du Brenner

(b) (authorization → for worker, visitor) laissez-passer m inv; Theatre invitation f, billet m de faveur; Military (→ for leave of absence) permission f; (→ for safe conduct) sauf-conduit m;

∎ rail/bus pass carte f d'abonnement (de train)/de bus

(c) School & University (in exam) moyenne f, mention f passable;

∎ to get a pass être reçu;

∎ I got three passes j'ai été reçu dans trois matières

(d) (state of affairs)

∎ things have come to a pretty pass on est dans une bien mauvaise passe, la situation s'est bien dégradée;

∎ things came to such a pass that… les choses en vinrent à ce point ou à tel point que…

(e) Sport (with ball, puck) passe f; (in fencing) botte f; (in bullfighting) passe f;

∎ to make a pass at (in fencing) porter une botte à

(f) (by magician) passe f

(g) Computing passe f

(h) Aviation (overflight) survol m; (attack) attaque f

(i) familiar

∎ to make a pass at sb (sexual advances) faire du plat à qn

2 transitive verb

(a) (move past, go by → building, window) passer devant; (→ person) croiser; (overtake) dépasser, doubler;

∎ if you pass a chemist's, get some aspirin si tu passes devant une pharmacie, achète de l'aspirine;

∎ he passed my table without seeing me il est passé devant ma table sans me voir;

∎ I passed her on the stairs je l'ai croisée dans l'escalier;

∎ the ships passed each other in the fog les navires se sont croisés dans le brouillard

(b) (go beyond → finishing line, frontier) passer;

∎ we've passed the right exit nous avons dépassé la sortie que nous aurions dû prendre;

∎ contributions have passed the $100,000 mark les dons ont franchi la barre des 100 000 dollars;

∎ we've passed a major turning point nous avons franchi un cap important;

∎ not a word about it had passed her lips elle n'en avait pas dit un mot;

∎ to pass understanding dépasser l'entendement

(c) (move, run) passer;

∎ to pass one's hand between the bars passer ou glisser sa main à travers les barreaux;

∎ to pass a rope round sth passer une corde autour de qch;

∎ to pass a sponge over sth passer l'éponge sur qch;

∎ she passed her hand over her hair elle s'est passé la main dans les cheveux

(d) (hand) passer; (transmit → message) transmettre;

∎ to pass sth from hand to hand passer qch de main en main;

∎ pass me the sugar, please passez-moi le sucre, s'il vous plaît;

∎ pass the list around the office faites passer ou circuler la liste dans le bureau;

∎ can you pass her the message? pourriez-vous lui transmettre ou faire passer le message?

(e) (spend → life, time, visit) passer;

∎ it passes the time cela fait passer le temps

(f) (succeed in → exam, driving test) être reçu à, réussir;

∎ he didn't pass his history exam il a échoué ou il a été recalé à son examen d'histoire;

∎ to pass a test (vehicle, product) passer une épreuve avec succès

(g) (approve → bill, law) voter; (→ motion, resolution) adopter; School & University (→ student) recevoir, admettre;

∎ the drug has not been passed by the Health Ministry le médicament n'a pas reçu l'autorisation de mise sur le marché du ministère de la Santé;

∎ the censor has passed the film le film a obtenu son visa de censure;

∎ Typography to pass for press donner le bon à tirer pour;

∎ Military etc to be passed fit être reconnu apte

(h) (pronounce → verdict, sentence) prononcer, rendre; (→ remark, compliment) faire;

∎ he declined to pass comment il s'est refusé à tout commentaire;

∎ Law to pass sentence prononcer le jugement;

∎ to pass judgement on sb porter un jugement sur qn, juger qn

(i) (counterfeit money, stolen goods) écouler

(j) Sport (ball, puck) passer

(k) (in games)

∎ to pass one's turn passer ou sauter son tour

(l) Physiology

∎ to pass blood avoir du sang dans les urines;

∎ to pass water uriner

(m) Military

∎ to pass troops in review passer des troupes en revue

(n) Finance

∎ to pass a dividend conclure un exercice sans payer de dividende

3 intransitive verb

(a) (move in specified direction) passer;

∎ a cloud passed across the moon un nuage est passé devant la lune;

∎ the wires pass under the floorboards les fils passent sous le plancher;

∎ alcohol passes rapidly into the bloodstream l'alcool passe rapidement dans le sang;

∎ his life passed before his eyes il a vu sa vie défiler devant ses yeux;

∎ to pass into history/legend entrer dans l'histoire/la légende;

∎ the expression has passed into the language l'expression est passée dans la langue

(b) (move past, go by) passer;

∎ let me pass laissez-moi passer;

∎ the road was too narrow for two cars to pass la route était trop étroite pour que deux voitures se croisent;

∎ the procession passed slowly le cortège passa ou défila lentement;

∎ everyone smiles as he passes tout le monde sourit à son passage;

∎ I happened to be passing, so I thought I'd call in il s'est trouvé que je passais, alors j'ai eu l'idée de venir vous voir

(c) (overtake) dépasser, doubler;

∎ no passing défense de doubler

(d) (elapse → months, years) (se) passer, s'écouler; (→ holiday) se passer;

∎ the weekend passed uneventfully le week-end s'est passé sans surprises;

∎ time passed rapidly le temps a passé très rapidement;

∎ when five minutes had passed au bout de cinq minutes;

∎ it seemed like no time at all had passed since I had last seen her on aurait dit que pas une minute ne s'était écoulée depuis la dernière fois que je l'avais vue

(e) (be transformed) passer, se transformer;

∎ it then passes into a larval stage il se transforme par la suite en larve;

∎ the oxygen then passes to a liquid state ensuite l'oxygène passe à l'état liquide;

∎ to pass from joy to despair passer de la joie au désespoir

(f) (take place) se passer, avoir lieu;

∎ harsh words passed between them ils ont eu des mots;

∎ I don't know what passed between them je ne sais pas ce qui s'est passé entre eux;

∎ the party, if it ever comes to pass, should be quite something la fête, si elle a jamais lieu, sera vraiment un grand moment;

∎ Bible and it came to pass that… et il advint que…

(g) (end, disappear → pain, crisis, fever) passer; (→ anger, desire) disparaître, tomber; (→ dream, hope) disparaître;

∎ the moment of tension passed le moment de tension est passé;

∎ I was about to say something witty, but the moment passed j'allais dire quelque chose de spirituel, mais j'ai laissé passer l'occasion;

∎ to let the opportunity pass laisser passer l'occasion

(h) (be transferred → power, responsibility) passer; (→ inheritance) passer, être transmis;

∎ authority passes to the Vice-President when the President is abroad c'est au vice-président que revient la charge du pouvoir lorsque le président se trouve à l'étranger;

∎ the turn passes to the player on the left c'est ensuite au tour du joueur placé à gauche

(i) (get through, be approved → proposal) être approuvé; (→ bill, law) être voté; (→ motion) être adopté; School & University (→ student) être reçu ou admis

(j) (go unchallenged) passer;

∎ the insult passed unnoticed personne ne releva l'insulte;

∎ he let the remark/mistake pass il a laissé passer la remarque/l'erreur sans la relever;

∎ I don't like it, but I'll let it pass je n'aime pas ça, mais je préfère ne rien dire ou me taire;

∎ let it pass! passe pour cela!

(k) (be adequate, acceptable → behaviour) convenir, être acceptable; (→ repair job) passer;

∎ in a grey suit you might just pass avec ton costume gris, ça peut aller

(l) (substitute)

∎ don't try to pass as an expert n'essaie pas de te faire passer pour un expert;

∎ you could easily pass for your sister on pourrait très bien te prendre pour ta sœur;

∎ he could pass for thirty on lui donnerait trente ans;

∎ she could pass for a Scandinavian on pourrait la prendre pour une Scandinave

(m) Sport faire une passe

(n) Cards passer; (at dominoes) bouder;

∎ (I) pass! (in cards, quiz) je passe!; figurative aucune idée!;

∎ figurative I'll pass on that (declining offer) non merci; (declining to answer question) je préfère ne pas répondre à cette question

►► Banking pass book livret m de banque;

pass laws = lois qui anciennement restreignaient la liberté de mouvement de la population noire en Afrique du Sud;

British School pass mark moyenne f

➲ pass around separable transitive verb

(cake, cigarettes) (faire) passer; (petition) (faire) circuler; (supplies) distribuer;

∎ he passed around the tray of champagne il a fait passer le plateau avec les coupes de champagne;

∎ figurative to pass around the hat faire une quête

➲ pass away

1 separable transitive verb

(while away) passer;

∎ she passed away the morning painting elle a passé la matinée à peindre;

∎ we read to pass the time away nous avons lu pour tuer ou passer le temps

2 intransitive verb

(a) euphemism (die) s'éteindre

(b) (elapse → time) passer, s'écouler

➲ pass back separable transitive verb

(a) (give back) rendre;

∎ pass the book back when you've finished rendez-moi/-lui/ etc le livre quand vous aurez fini

(b) Radio & Television

∎ I'll now pass you back to the studio je vais rendre l'antenne au studio

(c) Sport (return to team mate) repasser; (backwards) passer en arrière

➲ pass by

1 separable transitive verb

(disregard) ignorer, négliger;

∎ life is passing me by je n'ai pas l'impression de vivre;

∎ life has passed her by elle n'a pas vraiment vécu;

∎ whenever a chance comes, don't let it pass you by quand une occasion se présente, ne la laissez pas échapper

2 inseparable transitive verb

(go past → house etc) passer devant

3 intransitive verb

(a) (go past) passer; (carry on without stopping) continuer son chemin;

∎ luckily a taxi was passing by heureusement un taxi passait par là;

∎ he passed by without a word! il est passé à côté de moi sans dire un mot!

(b) (visit) passer;

∎ she passed by to say hello elle est passée dire bonjour

(c) (of time) passer

➲ pass down separable transitive verb

(a) (reach down) passer;

∎ he passed me down my suitcase il m'a tendu ou passé ma valise

(b) (transmit → inheritance, disease, tradition) transmettre, passer;

∎ the songs were passed down from generation to generation les chansons ont été transmises de génération en génération

➲ pass off

1 separable transitive verb

(represent falsely) faire passer;

∎ she passed him off as a duke elle l'a fait passer pour un duc;

∎ to pass oneself off as an artist se faire passer pour (un) artiste;

∎ to pass sth off as a joke (accept as a joke) prendre qch en riant ou comme une plaisanterie; (claim to be a joke) dire qu'on a fait/dit qch pour rire

2 intransitive verb

(a) (take place → conference, attack) se passer, se dérouler;

∎ the meeting passed off without incident la réunion s'est déroulée sans incident;

∎ everything passed off well tout s'est bien passé

(b) (end → fever, fit) passer;

∎ the effects of the drug had passed off les effets du médicament s'étaient dissipés

➲ pass on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (hand on → box, letter) (faire) passer;

∎ read this and pass it on lisez ceci et faites circuler

(b) (transmit → disease, message, tradition) transmettre;

∎ they pass the costs on to their customers ils répercutent les coûts sur leurs clients;

∎ these cost reductions have been passed on to the consumer le consommateur a bénéficié de ces réductions des coûts;

∎ we meet at eight o'clock, pass it on nous avons rendez-vous à huit heures, fais passer (la consigne)

2 intransitive verb

(a) euphemism (die) trépasser, s'éteindre

(b) (proceed → on journey) continuer son chemin ou sa route;

∎ to pass on to another subject passer à un autre sujet;

∎ passing on to the question of cost,… si nous passons maintenant à la question du coût,…

➲ pass out

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (hand out) distribuer

(b) Irish Cars (overtake) dépasser

2 intransitive verb

(a) (faint) s'évanouir, perdre connaissance; (from drunkenness) tomber ivre mort; (go to sleep) s'endormir

(b) Military (cadet) ≃ finir ses classes

➲ pass over

1 separable transitive verb

(overlook → person) ne pas prendre en considération;

∎ he was passed over for promotion on ne lui a pas accordé la promotion qu'il attendait

2 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (ignore) passer sous silence; (difficulty etc) passer sur, glisser sur;

∎ they passed over the subject in silence ils ont passé la question sous silence

(b) (cross → river etc) traverser, franchir; (→ obstacle) franchir, passer sur

3 intransitive verb

(a) (end → storm) se dissiper, finir

(b) (defect)

∎ to pass over to the enemy passer à l'ennemi

➲ pass round = pass around

➲ pass through

1 inseparable transitive verb

(country, area, difficult period) traverser; (barrier) franchir;

∎ the bullet passed through his shoulder la balle lui a traversé l'épaule;

∎ you pass through a small village vous traversez un petit village;

∎ he passed through the checkpoint without any trouble il a passé le poste de contrôle sans encombre

2 intransitive verb

passer;

∎ I'm not staying in Boston, I'm just passing through je ne reste pas à Boston, je suis juste de passage

➲ pass up separable transitive verb

(a) (hand up) passer;

∎ pass me up the light bulb passe-moi l'ampoule

(b) (not take → opportunity) laisser passer; (→ job) refuser;

∎ I'll have to pass up their invitation je vais devoir décliner leur invitation

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > pass
3 limiting value of the non-operating current in case of balanced load
1. предельное значение тока несрабатывания при равномерной нагрузке
предельное значение тока несрабатывания при равномерной нагрузке
-
[IEV number 442-05-64]

EN

limiting value of the non-operating current in case of balanced load
Maximum value of current which, in the absence of any fault to frame or to earth, and of an earth leakage current, can flow in a circuit without any load unbalance, without causing operation of the part of the residual current device performing the evaluation.
[IEV number 442-05-64]

FR

valeur limite du courant de non-fonctionnement en service équilibré
Valeur maximale du courant pouvant circuler dans un circuit, en l'absence de tout défaut à la masse ou à la terre et de tout courant de fuite à la terre en l'absence de tout déséquilibre de charge, sans provoquer le fonctionnement de la partie du dispositif de coupure différentiel assurant la fonction mesure.
[IEV number 442-05-64]

EN
- limiting value of the non-operating current in case of balanced load
DE
- Grenzwert der Nichtbetätigungs-Überstromstärke bei symmetrischer Last
FR
- valeur limite du courant de non-fonctionnement en service équilibré
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > limiting value of the non-operating current in case of balanced load
4 Kay (of Bury), John

SUBJECT AREA: Textiles

[br]

b. 16 July 1704 Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, England

d. 1779 France

[br]

English inventor of the flying shuttle.

[br]

John Kay was the youngest of five sons of a yeoman farmer of Walmersley, near Bury, Lancashire, who died before his birth. John was apprenticed to a reedmaker, and just before he was 21 he married a daughter of John Hall of Bury and carried on his trade in that town until 1733. It is possible that his first patent, taken out in 1730, was connected with this business because it was for an engine that made mohair thread for tailors and twisted and dressed thread; such thread could have been used to bind up the reeds used in looms. He also improved the reeds by making them from metal instead of cane strips so they lasted much longer and could be made to be much finer. His next patent in 1733, was a double one. One part of it was for a batting machine to remove dust from wool by beating it with sticks, but the patent is better known for its description of the flying shuttle. Kay placed boxes to receive the shuttle at either end of the reed or sley. Across the open top of these boxes was a metal rod along which a picking peg could slide and drive the shuttle out across the loom. The pegs at each end were connected by strings to a stick that was held in the right hand of the weaver and which jerked the shuttle out of the box. The shuttle had wheels to make it "fly" across the warp more easily, and ran on a shuttle race to support and guide it. Not only was weaving speeded up, but the weaver could produce broader cloth without any aid from a second person. This invention was later adapted for the power loom. Kay moved to Colchester and entered into partnership with a baymaker named Solomon Smith and a year later was joined by William Carter of Ballingdon, Essex. His shuttle was received with considerable hostility in both Lancashire and Essex, but it was probably more his charge of 15 shillings a year for its use that roused the antagonism. From 1737 he was much involved with lawsuits to try and protect his patent, particularly the part that specified the method of winding the thread onto a fixed bobbin in the shuttle. In 1738 Kay patented a windmill for working pumps and an improved chain pump, but neither of these seems to have been successful. In 1745, with Joseph Stell of Keighley, he patented a narrow fabric loom that could be worked by power; this type may have been employed by Gartside in Manchester soon afterwards. It was probably through failure to protect his patent rights that Kay moved to France, where he arrived penniless in 1747. He went to the Dutch firm of Daniel Scalongne, woollen manufacturers, in Abbeville. The company helped him to apply for a French patent for his shuttle, but Kay wanted the exorbitant sum of £10,000. There was much discussion and eventually Kay set up a workshop in Paris, where he received a pension of 2,500 livres. However, he was to face the same problems as in England with weavers copying his shuttle without permission. In 1754 he produced two machines for making card clothing: one pierced holes in the leather, while the other cut and sharpened the wires. These were later improved by his son, Robert Kay. Kay returned to England briefly, but was back in France in 1758. He was involved with machines to card both cotton and wool and tried again to obtain support from the French Government. He was still involved with developing textile machines in 1779, when he was 75, but he must have died soon afterwards. As an inventor Kay was a genius of the first rank, but he was vain, obstinate and suspicious and was destitute of business qualities.

[br]

Bibliography

1730, British patent no. 515 (machine for making mohair thread). 1733, British patent no. 542 (batting machine and flying shuttle). 1738, British patent no. 561 (pump windmill and chain pump). 1745, with Joseph Stell, British patent no. 612 (power loom).

Further Reading

B.Woodcroft, 1863, Brief Biographies of Inventors or Machines for the Manufacture of Textile Fabrics, London.

J.Lord, 1903, Memoir of John Kay, (a more accurate account).

Descriptions of his inventions may be found in A.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London; R.L. Hills, 1970, Power in the

Industrial Revolution, Manchester; and C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History of

Technology, Vol. III, Oxford: Clarendon Press. The most important record, however, is in A.P.Wadsworth and J. de L. Mann, 1931, The Cotton Trade and Industrial

Lancashire, Manchester.

RLH

Biographical history of technology > Kay (of Bury), John
5 show

1. noun
1) (display) Pracht, die

a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

be on show — ausgestellt sein

put something on show — etwas ausstellen

2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

dog show — Hundeschau, die

3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also academic.ru/70491/steal">steal 1. 1)

4) (coll.): (effort)

it's a poor show — das ist ein schwaches Bild

put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

good show! — gut [gemacht]!

5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)

run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)

give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

make a great show of friendliness — ungeheuer freundlich tun

make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)

do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun
2. transitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

that dress shows your petticoat — bei diesem Kleid sieht man deinen Unterrock

this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]

show hesitation — zaudern

he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an

3)

show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

as shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt

frontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet

the accounts show a profit — die Bücher weisen einen Gewinn aus

the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

6) (conduct) führen

show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
3. intransitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

his age is beginning to show — man sieht ihm sein Alter allmählich an

2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

3) (make something known)

time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

Phrasal Verbs:

- show in

- show off

- show out

- show round

- show through

- show up

* * *
[ʃəu] 1. past tense - showed; verb
1) (to allow or cause to be seen: Show me your new dress; Please show your membership card when you come to the club; His work is showing signs of improvement.) zeigen

2) (to be able to be seen: The tear in your dress hardly shows; a faint light showing through the curtains.) sich sehen lassen

3) (to offer or display, or to be offered or displayed, for the public to look at: Which picture is showing at the cinema?; They are showing a new film; His paintings are being shown at the art gallery.) zeigen

4) (to point out or point to: He showed me the road to take; Show me the man you saw yesterday.) zeigen

5) ((often with (a)round) to guide or conduct: Please show this lady to the door; They showed him (a)round (the factory).) zeigen

6) (to demonstrate to: Will you show me how to do it?; He showed me a clever trick.) zeigen

7) (to prove: That just shows / goes to show how stupid he is.) zeigen

8) (to give or offer (someone) kindness etc: He showed him no mercy.) erweisen
2. noun
1) (an entertainment, public exhibition, performance etc: a horse-show; a flower show; the new show at the theatre; a TV show.) die Schau

2) (a display or act of showing: a show of strength.) zur Schau stellen

3) (an act of pretending to be, do etc (something): He made a show of working, but he wasn't really concentrating.) der Schein

4) (appearance, impression: They just did it for show, in order to make themselves seem more important than they are.) die Schau

5) (an effort or attempt: He put up a good show in the chess competition.) der Eindruck

•

- showy
- showiness
- show-business
- showcase
- showdown
- showground
- show-jumping
- showman
- showroom
- give the show away
- good show! - on show
- show off
- show up
* * *

show

[ʃəʊ, AM ʃoʊ]

I. NOUN

1. (showing) Bekundung f geh, Demonstration f geh

those members who had made the most open \shows of defiance surprisingly abstained diejenigen Mitglieder, die ihre Ablehnung am deutlichsten bekundet hatten, enthielten sich überraschenderweise der Stimme

his refusal was a childish \show of defiance seine Weigerung war eine kindische Trotzreaktion

\show of force Machtdemonstration f geh

\show of kindness Geste f der Freundlichkeit

\show of solidarity Solidaritätsbekundung f geh

\show of strength/unity Demonstration f der Stärke/Einigkeit geh

the troops paraded in a \show of strength through the capital die Truppen marschierten durch die Hauptstadt, um ihre Stärke zu demonstrieren

despite their public \show of unity they are close to getting divorced obwohl sie nach außen hin Einigkeit demonstrieren, stehen sie kurz vor der Scheidung

2. no pl (display, impression) Schau f

just [or only] for \show nur der Schau wegen

are those lights just for \show? sollen die Lichter nur Eindruck machen?

to make a \show of sth etw zur Schau stellen

he really made a \show of accepting the award ( fam) er hat bei der Entgegennahme des Preises die große Show [o eine Show] abgezogen fam

3. no pl (impressive sight) Pracht f, Schauspiel nt geh

a \show of colour/flowers eine Farben-/Blumenpracht

4. (exhibition, event) Schau f, Ausstellung f

dog/fashion \show Hunde-/Modenschau f

retrospective \show Retrospektive f

slide \show Diavorführung f, Diavortrag m

▪ to be on \show ausgestellt sein

5. (entertainment) Show f; (on TV also) Unterhaltungssendung f; (at a theatre) Vorstellung f, Vorführung f

puppet \show Puppenspiel nt, Marionettentheater nt

quiz \show Quizsendung f, Quizshow f

radio/stage \show Radio-/Bühnenshow f

talent \show Talentwettbewerb m

to stage a \show eine Show auf die Bühne bringen

6. no pl ( fam: activity, affair) Sache f; (undertaking) Laden m fig fam; (situation) Situation f

who will run the \show when she retires? wer wird den Laden schmeißen, wenn sie in Pension geht? fam

she prefers to be in charge of her own \show sie zieht es vor, unabhängig schalten und walten zu können

how did she run the \show when the company threatened legal action? wie hat sie die Angelegenheit geregelt, als die Firma mit rechtlichen Schritten drohte?

I didn't like how he ran the \show during the strike mir hat es nicht gefallen, wie er mit der Situation während des Streiks umgegangen ist

it's her [own] \show sie ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen] fam

who is running the \show?, whose \show is it? wer ist hier der Boss [o hat hier das Sagen]? fam

the wedding is their \show, let them do it their way es ist ihre Sache [zu entscheiden], wie ihre Hochzeit ablaufen soll

7. no pl AM (sl: major league baseball)

▪ the \show die Baseballoberliga

8.

▶ bad [or poor] /good \show! ( dated fam) schwache Leistung!/gut [gemacht]!

▶ let's get the [or this] \show on the road ( fam) lasst uns die Sache [endlich] in Angriff nehmen

▶ the \show must go on ( saying) die Show muss weitergehen

▶ \show of hands [Abstimmung f per] Handzeichen nt

let me see a \show of hands bitte mal die Hand hochheben

let's have a \show of hands lass uns per Hand abstimmen

by [or on] a \show of hands durch Handzeichen

▶ to make [or put on] a \show eine Schau abziehen fam

▶ to make [or put on] a \show of doing sth vortäuschen, etw zu tun

they put on a \show of being interested sie taten so als seien sie interessiert, sie täuschten Interesse vor

▶ to put on [or up] a good \show sich akk bemühen, Einsatz zeigen

II. TRANSITIVE VERB

<showed, shown or showed>

1. (display, project)

▪ to \show [sb] sth [jdm] etw zeigen; (exhibit)

▪ to \show sth etw ausstellen; (perform)

▪ to \show sth etw vorführen; (produce)

▪ to \show sth etw vorzeigen

don't ever \show yourself here again! lass dich hier ja nie wieder blicken!

the photos \show them kissing and cuddling die Fotos zeigen sie küssend und in liebevoller Umarmung

to \show sb one's ability jdm seine Fähigkeiten vorführen

to \show a film einen Film zeigen [o fam bringen]

this film has never been \shown on television dieser Film kam noch nie im Fernsehen

to \show a flag eine Flagge hissen

to \show one's passport at the border seinen Pass an der Grenze vorzeigen

to \show sb one's ticket jdm seine Fahrkarte [vor]zeigen

to \show slides Dias vorführen [o zeigen]

to \show the time die Uhrzeit anzeigen

to \show one's work ART [seine Arbeiten] ausstellen

his paintings will be \shown in the National Gallery until May seine Bilder sind bis Mai in der Nationalgalerie zu sehen

2. (expose)

▪ to \show sth etw sehen lassen

your blouse is \showing your bra durch deine Bluse kann man deinen BH sehen

this carpet \shows all the dirt bei dem Teppich kann man jedes bisschen Schmutz sehen

3. (reveal)

▪ to \show sth etw zeigen [o erkennen lassen]

he started to \show his age man begann, ihm sein Alter anzusehen

he \showed no signs of improvement er zeigte keinerlei Besserung

to \show courage/initiative/common sense Mut/Unternehmungsgeist/gesunden Menschenverstand beweisen

to \show genius/originality Genie/Originalität beweisen

to \show promise viel versprechend sein

4. (express)

▪ to \show sth etw zeigen

to \show a bias/enthusiasm for sth eine Vorliebe/Begeisterung für etw akk zeigen

to \show clemency Milde walten lassen

to \show compassion [for sb] [mit jdm] Mitleid haben

to \show compunction Gewissensbisse haben

to \show [sb] one's gratitude sich akk [jdm gegenüber] dankbar erweisen [o zeigen]

to \show sb respect jdm Respekt erweisen

you have to \show more respect du solltest mehr Respekt zeigen

5. (point out, indicate)

▪ to \show sth [to sb] [jdm] etw zeigen; (represent)

▪ to \show sth etw darstellen

the map \shows where her house is auf der Karte ist ihr Haus zu sehen

this map \shows urban areas in grey auf dieser Karte sind die Stadtgebiete grau dargestellt

it's \showing signs of rain es sieht nach Regen aus

6. (explain)

▪ to \show sb sth jdm etw zeigen [o erklären]

to \show sb the way jdm den Weg zeigen

7. (record)

▪ to \show sth etw anzeigen; statistics etw [auf]zeigen

to \show a loss/profit einen Verlust/Gewinn aufweisen

8. (prove)

▪ to \show sth etw beweisen

to \show cause LAW seine Gründe vorbringen

order to \show cause gerichtliche Verfügung

to \show one's mettle zeigen, was in einem steckt

▪ to \show sb that... jdm zeigen [o beweisen], dass...

▪ to \show [sb] how/why... [jdm] zeigen, wie/warum...

▪ to \show oneself [to be] sth sich akk als etw erweisen

9. (escort)

▪ to \show sb into/out of/to sth jdn in etw akk /aus/zu etw dat führen [o bringen]

▪ to \show sb over [or AM usu around] a place jdm einen Ort zeigen

they \showed us over the estate sie führten uns auf dem Anwesen herum

10.

▶ to \show one's cards [or hand] seine Karten aufdecken fig

▶ to \show sb the door jdm die Tür weisen

▶ to dare [to] \show one's face es wagen, aufzukreuzen fam

he won't dare to \show his face here again er wird es nie wieder wagen, hier aufzukreuzen fam

▶ to have nothing to \show for it [or for one's efforts] [am Ende] nichts vorzuweisen haben

five years in the job, and what have you got to \show for it? du machst diesen Job nun schon seit fünf Jahren, und was hast du nun von all der Mühe?

▶ to \show [sb] no quarter ( liter) [mit jdm] kein Erbarmen haben

▶ to \show one's teeth die Zähne zeigen fig fam

▶ to \show one's true colours Farbe bekennen

▶ to \show the way [forward] den Weg weisen fig

▶ that will \show you/her ( fam) das wird dir/ihr eine Lehre sein

III. INTRANSITIVE VERB

<showed, shown or showed>

1. (be visible) zu sehen sein

the trees \show blue on these photographs die Bäume erscheinen auf diesen Fotos blau

she's four months pregnant and starting to \show sie ist im vierten Monat schwanger und allmählich sieht man es auch

to let sth \show sich dat etw anmerken lassen

2. esp AM, AUS ( fam: arrive) auftauchen, aufkreuzen fam

3. (be shown) film gezeigt werden, laufen fam

now \showing at a cinema near you! jetzt im Kino!

4. (exhibit) ausstellen

5. AM (come third in horse racing) Dritte(r) f(m) werden

* * *
[ʃəʊ] vb: pret showed, ptp shown
1. n

1)

(= display) a fine show of roses — eine Rosenpracht

show of force — Machtdemonstration f

there was a strong show of resistance — es gab starken Widerstand

the demonstration was a show of sympathy — die Demonstration war eine Solidaritätsbekundung

show of hands — Handzeichen nt, Hand(er)heben nt

2) (= outward appearance) Schau f; (= trace) Spur f; (of hatred, affection) Kundgebung f

it's just for show — das ist nur zur Schau da

to do sth for show — etw tun, um Eindruck zu schinden (inf) or zu machen

it's all done for show — das ist alles nur dazu da, um Eindruck zu machen

to make a great show of being impressed/overworked/pleased — sich (dat) ganz den Anschein geben, beeindruckt/überarbeitet/erfreut zu sein

they made a great show of their wealth — sie protzten mit ihrem Reichtum (inf)

without any show of emotion —

it was all show to be fond of show — es war alles nur Schau (inf) gerne prunken

3) (= exhibition) Ausstellung f

dog/fashion show — Hunde-/Modenschau f

to be on show — ausgestellt or zu sehen sein

4) (THEAT) Aufführung f; (TV, VARIETY OR POP SHOW) Show f; (RAD) Sendung f; (FILM) Vorstellung f

to go to a show ( esp Brit : in theatre ) — ins Theater gehen; ( US : in movie theater ) ins Kino gehen

the show must go on — es muss trotz allem weitergehen

on with the show! — anfangen!

to stop the show (lit) —

he stopped the show with his marvellous medley of old hits (fig) — der Höhepunkt der Show war sein wunderbares Medley alter Hits

See:

→ steal

5) (esp Brit inf)

(jolly) good show! (dated) bad show! (dated) (= what a pity) — ausgezeichnet!, bravo! schwaches Bild (inf) so ein Pech!

to put up a good/poor show —

it's a pretty poor show when... — das ist vielleicht traurig or ein schwaches Bild (inf), wenn...

6) (inf: undertaking, organization) Laden m (inf)

he runs the show — er schmeißt hier den Laden (inf)

to give the ( whole) show away — alles verraten

2. vt

1) (= display) zeigen; (COMPUT) anzeigen; (at exhibition) ausstellen, zeigen; (= demonstrate) dog vorführen; slides, film zeigen, vorführen; passport, ticket vorzeigen

to show sb sth, to show sth to sb — jdm etw zeigen

show me how to do it — zeigen Sie mir, wie man das macht

it's been shown on television — das kam im Fernsehen

the film was first shown in 1988 — der Film wurde 1988 uraufgeführt

to show one's face — sich zeigen

he had nothing to show for it — er hatte am Ende nichts vorzuweisen

he has nothing to show for all his effort — seine ganze Mühe hat nichts gebracht

I'll show him! (inf) — dem werd ichs zeigen! (inf)

that showed him! (inf) — dem habe ichs aber gezeigt! (inf)

See:

→ hand, heel

2) (= register) (an)zeigen; loss, profit haben, verzeichnen; rise in numbers aufzeigen; (thermometer, speedometer) stehen auf (+dat); (calendar) zeigen

it shows that... — es zeigt, dass...

as shown in the illustration — wie in der Illustration dargestellt

the roads are shown in red — die Straßen sind rot( eingezeichnet)

what time does your watch show? — wie spät ist es nach Ihrer Uhr?

the dial will show red if... — der Zeiger zeigt auf Rot, wenn...

3) (= indicate) zeigen; (= prove) beweisen; kindness, favour erweisen; courage zeigen, beweisen; loyalty, taste, tact, intelligence beweisen; respect bezeigen; proof erbringen

to show one's gratitude — sich dankbar zeigen

this shows him to be a thief —

I hope I have shown how silly it is — ich habe hoffentlich (auf)gezeigt, wie dumm das ist

it all or just goes to show that... — das zeigt doch nur, dass...

4) (= reveal) zeigen

the housing market is showing signs of life — auf dem Immobilienmarkt tut or rührt sich (wieder) (et)was (inf)

it showed signs of having been used — man sah, dass es gebraucht worden war

to show signs of wear — Abnutzungserscheinungen pl aufweisen

to show signs of tiredness — Ermüdungserscheinungen pl zeigen

show a leg! ( Brit inf ) — raus aus den Federn! (inf)

he's beginning to show his age — man sieht ihm allmählich das Alter an

that dress shows her bra — bei dem Kleid sieht man ihren BH

the carpet shows the dirt — auf dem Teppich sieht man den Schmutz

5) (= direct) zeigen

to show sb the way — jdm den Weg zeigen

to show sb in/out — jdn hereinbringen/hinausbringen or -begleiten

to show sb out of a room — jdn hinausbegleiten, jdn aus dem Zimmer begleiten

to show sb into a room — jdn hereinbringen, jdn ins Zimmer bringen

to show sb to his seat/to the door — jdn an seinen Platz/an die or zur Tür bringen

to show sb over or (a)round the house — jdm das (ganze) Haus zeigen

they were shown over or (a)round the factory — ihnen wurde die Fabrik gezeigt, sie wurden in der Fabrik herumgeführt

3. vi

1) (= be visible) zu sehen sein, sichtbar sein; (petticoat etc) vorsehen, rausgucken (inf); (film) gezeigt werden, laufen; (= exhibit artist) ausstellen

the dirt doesn't show — man sieht den Schmutz nicht

his anger showed in his eyes — man konnte ihm seinen Ärger von den Augen ablesen

don't let your anger show — lassen Sie sich (dat)

the tulips are beginning to show — die Tulpen kommen langsam heraus

the pregnancy or she is now beginning to show — man sieht or merkt jetzt allmählich, dass sie schwanger ist

to show through —

the house shows through the gap — durch den Spalt kann man das Haus sehen

he didn't show (inf) — er hat sich nicht blicken lassen (inf)

2)

(= prove) it just goes to show! — da sieht mans mal wieder!

3) (HORSE RACING) sich platzieren

4. vr

to show oneself — sich blicken lassen (inf)

to show oneself to be incompetent — sich (als) unfähig erweisen

he showed himself to be a coward —

it shows itself in his speech — das merkt man an seiner Sprache

* * *

show [ʃəʊ]

A s

1. (Her)Zeigen n:

vote by show of hands durch Handzeichen wählen;

show of teeth Zähnefletschen n

2. Show f, Schau f, Zurschaustellung f:

a show of force fig eine Demonstration der Macht

3. (künstlerische etc) Darbietung, Vorführung f, Vorstellung f, Show f, Schau f:

put on a show fig eine Schau abziehen, sich aufspielen;

steal the show fig (jemandem) die Schau stehlen

4. umg (Theater-, Film)Vorstellung f

5. Show f, Schau f, Ausstellung f:

on show ausgestellt, zu besichtigen(d)

6. (Radio-, Fernseh)Sendung f

7. (prunkvoller) Umzug

8. fig Schauspiel n, Anblick m:

a grand show;

make a sorry show einen traurigen Eindruck hinterlassen;

make a good show eine gute Figur machen umg

9. umg gute etc Leistung:

good show! gut gemacht!, bravo!

10. Protzerei f, Angeberei f (beide umg):

for show um Eindruck zu machen, (nur) fürs Auge;

be fond of show gern großtun

11. (leerer) Schein:

in outward show nach außen (hin);

make a show of interest Interesse heucheln, sich interessiert geben;

make a show of rage sich wütend stellen

12. Spur f, Anzeichen n

13. (Zirkus-, Theater) Truppe f

14. umg Chance f:

give sb a fair show

15. besonders Br umg Laden m, Sache f:

a dull (poor) show eine langweilige (armselige) Sache;

run the show den Laden oder die Sache schmeißen;

give the (whole) show away sich oder alles verraten

16. Pferderennen etc: dritter Platz

B v/t prät showed, pperf shown, showed

1. zeigen, sehen lassen, seinen Ausweis, seine Fahrkarte etc auch vorzeigen, -weisen:

show o.s.

a) auch show one’s face sich zeigen, sich sehen oder blicken lassen

b) fig sich grausam etc zeigen, sich erweisen als;

I’ll show him! der soll mich kennenlernen!;

never show your face again! lass dich hier nie wieder blicken!;

“not shown” (in Katalogen etc) „ohne Abbildung“; → card¹ 1 a, etc

2. jemandem zeigen oder erklären ( how to do sth wie man etwas tut):

show sb how to write jemandem das Schreiben beibringen

3. sein Wissen etc an den Tag legen, zeigen

4. Katzen etc ausstellen, auf einer Ausstellung zeigen

5. zeigen:

a) THEAT etc vorführen

b) TV bringen

6. jemanden ins Zimmer etc führen, geleiten, bringen:

show sb about ( oder [a]round) the town jemandem die Stadt zeigen, jemanden in der Stadt herumführen;

show sb over the house jemanden durch das Haus führen;

show sb (a)round jemanden (herum)führen

7. seine Absichten etc kundtun, offenbaren

8. seine Pläne etc (auf)zeigen, darlegen

9. zeigen, beweisen:

show the truth of a statement;

you’ll have to show me! umg das wirst du mir (erst) beweisen müssen!

10. JUR nachweisen, vorbringen:

show proof JUR den Beweis erbringen; → cause A 4

11. PHYS, TECH (an)zeigen:

the speedometer showed 70

12. Gefühle zeigen, sich etwas anmerken lassen

13. schlechten Geschmack etc zeigen, erkennen lassen, verraten

14. jemandem eine Gunst etc erweisen:

show sb gratitude sich jemandem gegenüber dankbar erweisen

C v/i

1. sichtbar werden oder sein, sich zeigen:

the blood shows through her skin man sieht das Blut durch ihre Haut;

it shows man sieht es; → time A 1

2. umg sich zeigen, erscheinen

3. aussehen ( like wie):

show to advantage vorteilhaft aussehen

4. be showing gezeigt werden, laufen (Film)

* * *
1. noun
1) (display) Pracht, die

a show of flowers/colour — eine Blumen-/Farbenpracht

show of force/strength — etc. Demonstration der Macht/Stärke usw.

be on show — ausgestellt sein

put something on show — etwas ausstellen

2) (exhibition) Ausstellung, die; Schau, die

dog show — Hundeschau, die

3) (entertainment, performance) Show, die; (Theatre) Vorstellung, die; (Radio, Telev.) [Unterhaltungs]sendung, die; see also steal 1. 1)

4) (coll.): (effort)

it's a poor show — das ist ein schwaches Bild

put up a good/poor show — eine gute/schlechte Figur machen

good show! — gut [gemacht]!

5) (coll.): (undertaking, business)

it's his show — er ist der Boss (ugs.)

run the show — der Boss sein (ugs.)

give the [whole] show away — alles ausquatschen (salopp)

6) (outward appearance) Anschein, der

make a great show of friendliness — ungeheuer freundlich tun

make or put on a [great] show of doing something — sich (Dat.) [angestrengt] den Anschein geben, etwas zu tun

be for show — reine Angeberei sein (ugs.)

do something just for show — etwas nur aus Prestigegründen tun
2. transitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (allow or cause to be seen) zeigen; vorzeigen [Pass, Fahrschein usw.]

show somebody something, show something to somebody — jemandem etwas zeigen

have nothing/something to show for it — [dabei] nichts/etwas zum Vorzeigen haben

that dress shows your petticoat — bei diesem Kleid sieht man deinen Unterrock

this material does not show the dirt — auf diesem Material sieht man den Schmutz nicht; see also colour 1. 5); sign 1. 5)

2) (manifest, give evidence of) zeigen; beweisen [Mut, Entschlossenheit, Urteilsvermögen usw.]

show hesitation — zaudern

he is showing his age — man sieht ihm sein Alter an

3)

show [somebody] kindness/mercy — freundlich [zu jemandem] sein/Erbarmen [mit jemandem] haben

show mercy on or to somebody — Erbarmen mit jemandem haben

4) (indicate) zeigen [Gefühl, Freude usw.]; [Thermometer, Uhr usw.:] anzeigen

as shown in the illustration — wie die Abbildung zeigt

frontiers are shown by blue lines and towns are shown in red — Grenzen sind durch blaue Linien und Städte sind rot gekennzeichnet

the accounts show a profit — die Bücher weisen einen Gewinn aus

the firm shows a profit/loss — die Firma macht Gewinn/Verlust

5) (demonstrate, prove) zeigen

show somebody that... — jemandem beweisen, dass...

it all/just goes to show that... — das beweist nur, dass...

it all goes to show, doesn't it? — das beweist es doch, oder?

I'll show you/him etc.! — ich werd's dir/ihm usw. schon zeigen!

show somebody who's boss — jemandem zeigen, wer das Sagen hat

6) (conduct) führen

show somebody over or round the house/to his place — jemanden durchs Haus/an seinen Platz führen
3. intransitive verb,
p.p. shown or showed

1) (be visible) sichtbar od. zu sehen sein

he was angry/bored, and it showed — er war wütend/langweilte sich, und man sah es [ihm an]

his age is beginning to show — man sieht ihm sein Alter allmählich an

2) (be shown) [Film:] laufen; [Künstler:] ausstellen

"Gandhi" - now showing in the West End — "Gandhi" - Jetzt im West End

3) (make something known)

time will show — man wird es [ja] sehen

Phrasal Verbs:

- show in

- show off

- show out

- show round

- show through

- show up

* * *

(cinema) n.

Vorstellung f. n.

Ausstellung f.

Schau -en f. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: showed)

or p.p.: shown•) = aufweisen v.

aufzeigen v.

ausstellen (auf einer Messe) v.

vorführen v.

vorweisen v.

zeigen v.

English-german dictionary > show
6 run

run

A n

1 ( act or period of running) course f ; a two-mile run une course de deux miles ; that was a splendid run by Reeves Reeves a fait une course magnifique ; to go for a run aller courir ; to take the dog for a run in the park aller faire courir le chien au parc ; to break into a run se mettre à courir ; to do sth at a run faire qch en courant ; to take a run at prendre son élan pour franchir [fence, hedge, stream] ; to give sb a clear run fig laisser le champ libre à qn (at doing pour faire) ;

2 ( flight) on the run [prisoner] en fuite, en cavale ○ ; to be on the run from sb/sth fuir qn/qch ; to have sb on the run lit mettre qn en fuite ; fig réussir à effrayer qn ; to make a run for it fuir, s'enfuir ; to make a run for the door se précipiter vers la porte ;

3 ( series) (of successes, failures, reds, blacks) série f (of de) ; to have a run of (good) luck être en veine ; to have a run of bad luck jouer de malchance ; a run of fine weather une période de beau temps ; we've had a long run without any illness nous avons eu une longue période sans maladie ; the product has had a good run but… le produit a bien marché mais… ;

4 Theat série f de représentations ; to have a long run tenir longtemps l'affiche ; to have a six-month run tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the play is beginning its Broadway run la pièce commence à se jouer à Broadway ;

5 ( trend) (of events, market) tendance f ; the run of the cards/dice was against me le jeu était contre moi ; against the run of play Sport en sens inverse du cours réel du jeu ; in the normal run of things dans l'ordre normal des choses ; out of the common run hors du commun ;

6 ( series of thing produced) ( in printing) tirage m ; ( in industry) série f ; a paperback run of 10,000 un tirage de 10 000 exemplaires en poche ;

7 Fin ( on Stock Exchange) ( rush) ruée f ; a run on une ruée sur [stock market, bank, item] ; a run on sterling/the dollar une ruée spéculative sur la livre sterling/le dollar ;

8 (trip, route) route f, trajet m ; it's only a short run into town ( in car) avec la voiture on est tout de suite en ville ; to go out for a run in the car aller faire un tour en voiture ; the run up to York la route jusqu'à York ; he does the Leeds run twice a week il fait le trajet jusqu'à Leeds deux fois par semaine ; a ferry on the Portsmouth-Caen run le ferry faisant la traversée Portsmouth-Caen ; a bombing run une mission de bombardement ;

9 (in cricket, baseball) point m ; to score ou make a run marquer un point ;

10 (for rabbit, chickens) enclos m ;

11 (in tights, material) échelle f ;

12 ( for skiing etc) piste f ;

13 ( in cards) suite f ; a run of three une suite de trois cartes ; ⇒ practice run, test run, trial run.

B runs ○ npl the runs la courante ○, la diarrhée.

C vtr ( prét ran ; pp run)

1 ( cover by running) courir [race, heat, stage, distance, marathon] ; I ran the rest of the way j'ai couru le reste du chemin ; she ran a brilliant race/a very fast time elle a fait une course superbe/un très bon temps ; the race will be run at 10.30 la course se court à 10 h 30 ;

2 ( drive) to run sb to the station/to hospital conduire qn à la gare/à l'hôpital ; to run sb home ou back reconduire qn ; to run the car over to the garage conduire la voiture au garage ; to run sth over to sb's house apporter qch chez qn en voiture ; to run the car into a tree jeter la voiture contre un arbre ;

3 (pass, move) to run one's hand over sth passer la main sur qch ; to run one's finger down the list parcourir la liste du doigt ; to run one's eye(s) over sth parcourir rapidement qch ; to run a duster/the vacuum cleaner over sth passer un coup de chiffon/d'aspirateur sur qch ; to run one's pen through sth rayer qch ;

4 ( manage) diriger [business, hotel, store, school, country] ; a well-/badly-run organization une organisation bien/mal dirigée ; who is running things here? qui est-ce qui commande ici? ; I'm running this show ○ ! c'est moi qui commande ○ ! ; stop trying to run my life! arrête de vouloir diriger ma vie! ;

5 ( operate) faire fonctionner [machine] ; faire tourner [motor, engine] ; exécuter [program] ; entretenir [car] ; to run sth off the mains/off batteries faire fonctionner qch sur secteur/avec des piles ; the car is cheap to run la voiture est peu coûteuse à entretenir ; to run a tape/a film mettre une cassette/un film ; to run tests on sth effectuer des tests sur qch ; to run a check on sb [police] vérifier les antécédents de qn ; ( generally) prendre des renseignements sur qn ;

6 (organize, offer) organiser [competition, lessons, course] ; mettre [qch] en place [train, bus, service] ;

7 (extend, pass) (of cable, wire, pipe) to run sth between/from/to/around faire passer qch entre/de/à/autour de ; to run a rope through a ring faire passer une corde dans un anneau ;

8 ( cause to flow) faire couler [water, bath] ; ouvrir [tap] ; I'll run you a bath je vais te faire couler un bain ; to run water into/over sth faire couler de l'eau dans/sur qch ;

9 Journ [newspaper] publier, faire passer ○ [story, article] ;

10 ( pass through) franchir [rapids] ; forcer [blockade] ; brûler [red light] ;

11 ( smuggle) faire passer [qch] en fraude [guns, drugs] ;

12 ( enter in contest) faire courir [horse] ; présenter [candidate].

D vi ( prét ran ; pp run)

1 ( move quickly) [person, animal] courir ; to run to catch the bus/to help sb courir pour attraper le bus/pour aider qn ; to run to meet sb courir à la rencontre de qn ; to run across/down/up sth traverser/descendre/monter qch en courant ; to run around the house/around (in) the garden courir dans toute la maison/dans le jardin ; will you run over to the shop and get some milk? peux-tu courir au magasin chercher du lait? ; to run for the train courir pour attraper le train ; to run for the exit courir vers la sortie ; to run for one's country Sport courir pour son pays ; to run in the 100 metres/in the 3.30 (race) courir le 100 mètres/dans la course de 15 h 30 ; she came running towards me elle a couru vers moi ; the customers will come running fig les clients vont se précipiter ;

2 ( flee) fuir, s'enfuir ; I dropped everything and ran j'ai tout jeté et je me suis enfui ; to run for one's life s'enfuir pour sauver sa peau ○ ; run for your life!, run for it ○ ! sauve qui peut!, déguerpissons ○ ! ; I had to run for it ○ j'ai dû déguerpir ○ ; there's nowhere to run (to) il n'y a nulle part où aller ; to go running to the police courir à la police ; to go running to one's parents se réfugier chez ses parents ;

3 ○ ( rush off) filer ○ ; sorry-must run! ○ désolé-il faut que je file! ○ ;

4 ( function) [machine, generator] marcher ; [engine, press] tourner ; to leave the engine running laisser tourner le moteur ; to run off fonctionner sur [mains, battery] ; to run on marcher à [diesel, unleaded] ; to run fast/slow [clock] prendre de l'avance/du retard ; the organization runs very smoothly l'organisation fonctionne parfaitement ;

5 (continue, last) [contract, lease] courir ; to have another month to run avoir encore un mois à courir ; to run from… to… [school year, season] aller de… à… ;

6 Theat [play, musical] tenir l'affiche ; this show will run and run! ce spectacle tiendra l'affiche pendant des mois! ; to run for six months tenir l'affiche pendant six mois ; the film will run (for) another week le film reste à l'affiche une semaine encore ;

7 ( pass) to run past/through sth [frontier, path, line] passer/traverser qch ; to run (from) east to west aller d'est en ouest, être orienté est-ouest ; the road runs north for about ten kilometres la route va vers le nord sur une dizaine de kilomètres ; to run parallel to sth être parallèle à qch ; the stripes run vertically les rayures sont verticales ; the bird has a green stripe running down its back l'oiseau a une bande verte le long du dos ; a scar runs down her arm une cicatrice court le long de son bras ;

8 ( move) [sledge, vehicle] glisser (on sur ; forward vers l'avant ; back vers l'arrière) ; [curtain] coulisser (on sur) ; to run through sb's hands [rope] filer entre les mains de qn ; a pain ran up my leg une douleur m'est remontée le long de la jambe ; a wave of excitement ran through the crowd un frisson d'excitation a parcouru la foule ; his eyes ran over the page il a parcouru la page des yeux ; the news ran from house to house la nouvelle s'est transmise de maison en maison ;

9 ( operate regularly) [buses, trains] circuler ; they don't run on Sundays ils ne circulent pas le dimanche ; a taxi service/ferry runs between X and Y il existe un service de taxi/un ferry entre X et Y ; the train is running late le train est en retard ; programmes are running late this evening ( on TV) les émissions ont du retard ce soir ; we are running 30 minutes behind schedule ou late nous avons 30 minutes de retard ; we're running ahead of schedule nous sommes en avance ;

10 ( flow) [water, liquid, stream, tap, bath, nose] couler ; the tap is running le robinet coule or est ouvert ; my nose is running j'ai le nez qui coule ; tears ran down his face les larmes coulaient sur son visage ; there was water running down the walls il y avait de l'eau qui coulait le long des murs ; my body was running with sweat mon corps ruisselait de sueur ; the streets will be running with blood fig le sang coulera à flots dans les rues ; the river ran red with blood la rivière est devenue rouge de sang ; the meat juices ran pink/clear le jus qui est sorti de la viande était rose/incolore ;

11 ( flow when wet or melted) [colour, dye, garment] déteindre ; [ink, makeup, butter, cheese] couler ;

12 Pol ( as candidate) se présenter ; to run for être candidat/-e au poste de [mayor, governor] ; to run for president être candidat/-e à la présidence ; to run against se présenter or être candidat/-e contre [person] ;

13 ( be worded) [message, speech] se présenter, être libellé sout ; the telex runs… le télex se présente or est libellé comme suit… ; so the argument runs selon l'argument habituellement avancé ;

14 ( snag) [tights, material] filer.

Idioms

to have the run of sth avoir qch pour soi ; to give sb the run of sth mettre qch à la disposition de qn ; in the long run à la longue, à longue échéance ; in the short run à brève échéance.

Phrasal verbs

■ run about, run around:

▶ run around

1 (hurrying, playing etc) courir ; I've been running around all over the place looking for you j'ai couru partout pour essayer de te trouver ;

2 ○ ( have affair with) courir ○ ; to run around ○ with voir ○, sortir avec [woman, man].

■ run across ○:

▶ run across [sth/sb] tomber sur ○ [acquaintance, reference].

■ run after:

▶ run after [sb] lit, fig courir après [thief, woman, man].

■ run along se sauver ○, filer ○ ; run along! sauve-toi ○ !

■ run at:

▶ run at [sth]

1 ( charge towards) se précipiter sur [door, person] ;

2 ( be at) [inflation, unemployment] atteindre, être de l'ordre de [percentage, rate, figure] ; with inflation running at 12% avec une inflation de l'ordre de 12%.

■ run away:

▶ run away

1 ( flee) s'enfuir (from sb devant qn ; to do pour faire) ; to run away from home s'enfuir de chez soi ; to run away from one's responsibilities/a situation fuir ses responsabilités/une situation ;

2 ( run off) [water, liquid] couler ;

▶ run away with [sth/sb]

1 ( flee) partir avec [profits, object, person] ;

2 ( carry off easily) rafler ○ [prizes, title] ;

3 GB dial ( use up) [activity] engloutir [money] ;

4 ( get into one's head) to run away with the idea ou notion that s'imaginer que ; I don't want him running away with that idea je ne veux pas qu'il s'imagine ça ; to let one's emotions/one's enthusiasm run away with one se laisser emporter par ses émotions/son enthousiasme.

■ run back:

▶ run back [sth], run [sth] back rembobiner [tape, film].

■ run back over:

▶ run back over [sth] revenir sur [points, plans].

■ run down:

▶ run down [battery] se décharger ; [watch] retarder ; [exports, reserves] diminuer ; [machine, industry, company] s'essouffler ;

▶ run down [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] down

1 ( in vehicle) renverser ; to be ou get run down by sth être renversé par qch ;

2 (reduce, allow to decline) réduire [production, operations, defences, industry, reserves] ; user [battery] ;

3 ( disparage) dénigrer [person, economy] ;

4 Naut éperonner, heurter [boat] ;

5 ( track down) retrouver [person] ; dénicher ○ [thing].

■ run in:

▶ run in [sth], run [sth] in roder [car, machine] ; ‘running in-please pass’ ‘en rodage’ ;

▶ run [sb] in ○ ( arrest) épingler ○ [person].

■ run into:

▶ run into [sth/sb]

1 ( collide with) [car, person] heurter, rentrer dans ○ [car, wall] ;

2 ( encounter) rencontrer [person, difficulty, opposition, bad weather] ; to run into debt s'endetter ;

3 ( amount to) [debt, income, sales] se compter en [hundreds, millions] ; the trial could run into months le procès pourrait durer des mois.

■ run off:

▶ run off

1 [person, animal] partir en courant ; to run off with partir avec [person, savings] ;

2 [liquid, water] couler ;

▶ run off [sth], run [sth] off

1 ( print) sortir [copy] (on sur) ;

2 ( contest) disputer [heats].

■ run on:

▶ run on [meeting, seminar] se prolonger ;

▶ run on [sth] ( be concerned with) [mind] être préoccupé par ; [thoughts] revenir sur ; [conversation] porter sur ;

▶ run on [sth], run [sth] on

1 Print faire suivre [qch] sans alinéa ;

2 Literat faire enjamber [line].

■ run out:

▶ run out

1 ( become exhausted) [supplies, resources, oil] s'épuiser ; time is running out le temps manque ; my money ran out mes ressources s'étaient épuisées ; my patience is running out je suis en train de perdre patience ;

2 ( have no more) [pen, vending machine] être vide ; sorry, I've run out désolé, je n'en ai plus ; quick, before we run out vite, avant que nous n'ayons plus rien ;

3 ( expire) [lease, passport] expirer ;

▶ run out of ne plus avoir de [petrol, time, money, ideas] ; the car ran out of petrol la voiture est tombée en panne d'essence ; to be running out of n'avoir presque plus de [petrol, time, money, ideas].

■ run out on:

▶ run out on [sb] abandonner, laisser tomber ○ [family, lover, ally].

■ run over:

▶ run over

1 [meeting, programme] se prolonger, dépasser l'horaire prévu ; to run over by 10 minutes/by an hour dépasser l'horaire prévu de 10 minutes/d'une heure ;

2 ( overflow) [container] déborder ; my cup runneth over Bible la coupe est pleine ;

▶ run over [sth] ( run through) passer [qch] en revue [arrangements, main points] ;

▶ run over [sth/sb], run [sth/sb] over

1 ( injure) renverser [person, animal] ; ( kill) écraser [person, animal] ; you'll get run over tu vas te faire écraser ;

2 ( drive over) passer sur [log, bump, corpse].

■ run through:

▶ run through [sth]

1 ( pass through) [thought, tune, murmur] courir dans ;

2 ( be present in) [theme, concern, prejudice] se retrouver dans [work, society] ;

3 ( look through) parcourir [list, article, notes] ; ( discuss briefly) passer [qch] en revue [main points, schedule] ;

4 (use, get through) dépenser [money, inheritance] ;

▶ run through [sth], run [sth] through ( rehearse) répéter [scene, speech] ;

▶ run [sb] through littér ( with sword) transpercer [person] (with avec, de) ; to run sth through the computer passer qch dans l'ordinateur ; to run sth through a series of tests faire passer une série de tests à qch.

■ run to:

▶ run to [sth] ( extend as far as) [book, report] faire [number of pages, words] ; her tastes don't run to modern jazz ses goûts ne vont pas jusqu'au jazz moderne ; his salary doesn't run to Caribbean cruises son salaire ne lui permet pas une croisière aux Caraïbes ; I don't think I can run to that je ne crois pas pouvoir me permettre cela.

■ run up:

▶ run up [sth], run [sth] up

1 ( accumulate) accumuler [bill, debt] ;

2 ( make) fabriquer [dress, curtains] ;

3 ( raise) hisser [flag].

■ run up against:

▶ run up against [sth] se heurter à [obstacle, difficulty].

Big English-French dictionary > run
7 leave

Ⅰ.

leave¹ [li:v]

partir ⇒ 1 (a), 1 (b) quitter ⇒ 2 (a), 2 (b), 2 (d) laisser ⇒ 2 (c), 2 (d)-(h), 2 (j), 2 (l) oublier ⇒ 2 (g) léguer ⇒ 2 (n) congé ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (c) permission ⇒ 3 (a), 3 (b)

(pt & pp left [left])

1 intransitive verb

(a) (depart) partir;

∎ my flight leaves at ten mon avion part à dix heures;

∎ when did you leave? quand est-ce que vous êtes partis?;

∎ we're leaving for Mexico tomorrow nous partons pour le Mexique demain;

∎ which station do you leave from? vous partez de quelle gare?;

∎ he's just left for lunch il vient de partir déjeuner;

∎ if you'd rather I left... si vous voulez que je vous laisse...

(b) (quit) partir;

∎ half of the staff have left la moitié du personnel est partie;

∎ fewer schoolchildren are now leaving at sixteen les élèves sont aujourd'hui moins nombreux à quitter l'école à seize ans

(c) (end relationship)

∎ Charles, I'm leaving! Charles, je te quitte!

2 transitive verb

(a) (depart from → place) quitter;

∎ she left London yesterday elle est partie de ou elle a quitté Londres hier;

∎ he left the room il est sorti de ou il a quitté la pièce;

∎ I leave home at 8 o'clock every morning je pars ou je sors de chez moi tous les matins à 8 heures;

∎ she never leaves the house elle ne sort jamais de la maison;

∎ to leave the table se lever de table;

∎ may I leave the table? est-ce que je peux sortir de table?;

∎ the boat finally left port at 6 o'clock le bateau quitta finalement le port à 6 heures;

∎ his brakes failed and the car left the road ses freins ont lâché et la voiture a quitté la route;

∎ the train left the rails le train a déraillé;

∎ his eyes never left her il ne la quittait pas des yeux

(b) (quit → job, institution) quitter;

∎ she left the firm last year elle a quitté l'entreprise l'année dernière;

∎ I left home at eighteen je suis parti de chez moi ou de chez mes parents à dix-huit ans;

∎ to leave school quitter l'école;

∎ he left Oxford without finishing his studies il a quitté Oxford sans avoir terminé ses études;

∎ Military to leave the service quitter le service

(c) (in specified place or state) laisser;

∎ you can't leave them alone for a minute on ne peut pas les laisser seuls une minute;

∎ he left her asleep on the sofa elle était endormie sur le canapé lorsqu'il la quitta;

∎ I left him to his reading je l'ai laissé à sa lecture;

∎ I left him to himself je l'ai laissé seul;

∎ left to himself, who knows what he'd do? qui sait ce qu'il ferait s'il était livré à lui-même?;

∎ just leave me alone! laissez-moi tranquille!;

∎ let's leave it at that, we'll leave it at that (not do any more work) arrêtons-nous là; (not argue any more) n'en parlons plus

(d) (abandon → person) quitter; (take leave of → person) laisser;

∎ she left him for another man elle l'a quitté pour un autre;

∎ the prisoners were left to die les prisonniers furent abandonnés à une mort certaine;

∎ it's getting late, I must leave you now il se fait tard, je dois vous laisser;

∎ you may leave us now vous pouvez disposer maintenant

(e) (deposit, set down) laisser;

∎ it's no trouble to leave you at the station ça ne me dérange pas de vous laisser ou déposer à la gare

(f) (for someone's use, information etc) laisser;

∎ I've left your dinner in the oven for you je t'ai laissé de quoi dîner dans le four;

∎ leave your name with the receptionist laissez votre nom à la réception;

∎ he's out, do you want to leave (him) a message? il n'est pas là, voulez-vous (lui) laisser un message?;

∎ she left word for you to call her back elle a demandé que vous la rappeliez

(g) (forget) laisser, oublier;

∎ I must have left my gloves at the café j'ai dû oublier mes gants au café

(h) (allow or cause to remain) laisser;

∎ leave some cake for your brother laisse du gâteau pour ton frère;

∎ if you don't like your dinner, then leave it si tu n'aimes pas ton dîner, laisse-le;

∎ leave enough space for the address laissez assez de place pour l'adresse;

∎ leave the stew to cook for two hours laissez mijoter le ragoût pendant deux heures;

∎ leave yourself an hour to get to the airport prévoyez une heure pour aller à l'aéroport;

∎ I only left myself £20 a week to live on je n'avais plus que 20 livres par semaine pour me nourrir;

∎ don't leave things to the last minute n'attendez pas la dernière minute (pour faire ce que vous avez à faire);

∎ he left his work unfinished il n'a pas terminé son travail;

∎ he left his dinner untouched il ne toucha pas à son dîner;

∎ please leave the windows closed veuillez laisser les fenêtres fermées;

∎ to leave sth unsaid passer qch sous silence;

∎ their behaviour leaves a lot to be desired leur conduite laisse beaucoup à désirer;

∎ her words left me curious to know more le peu qu'elle a dit m'a donné l'envie d'en savoir plus;

∎ the decision leaves me in a bit of a quandary cette décision me place devant un dilemme;

∎ I want to be left on/off the list je veux que mon nom reste/je ne veux pas que mon nom figure sur la liste;

∎ I was left with the bill c'est moi qui ai dû payer l'addition;

∎ she had been left a widow at thirty elle s'était retrouvée veuve à l'âge de trente ans;

∎ the flood has left thousands homeless les inondations ont fait des milliers de sans-abri

(i) (passive use) to be left (remain) rester;

∎ we finished what was left of the cake on a fini ce qui restait du gâteau;

∎ there's nothing left il ne reste (plus) rien;

∎ there wasn't enough left to go round il n'en restait pas assez pour tout le monde;

∎ I've got £10/10 minutes left il me reste 10 livres/10 minutes;

∎ there's no doubt left in my mind il n'y a plus le moindre doute dans mon esprit;

∎ he had nothing left to do but lock up the house il ne lui restait (plus) qu'à fermer la maison

(j) (mark, trace) laisser;

∎ the wine left a stain le vin a fait une tache

(k) (allow)

∎ can I leave you to deal with it, then? vous vous en chargez, alors?;

∎ she leaves me to get on with things elle me laisse faire;

∎ to leave sb in charge of sth confier la responsabilité de qch à qn;

∎ right then, I'll leave you to it bon, eh bien, je te laisse

(l) (entrust) laisser, confier;

∎ can I leave my suitcase with you for a few minutes? puis-je vous confier ma valise quelques instants?;

∎ she left the detailed arrangements to her secretary elle a laissé à sa secrétaire le soin de régler les détails;

∎ you should leave such tasks to a specialist vous devriez laisser ou confier ce genre de travail à un spécialiste;

∎ nothing was left to chance on avait paré à toutes les éventualités;

∎ I'll leave it to you to finish it off je vous laisse (le soin de) finir;

∎ leave it to me! je m'en occupe!, je m'en charge!;

∎ leave it with me laissez-moi faire, je m'en charge

(m) British Mathematics

∎ 9 from 16 leaves 7 16 moins 9 égale 7;

∎ what does 29 from 88 leave? 29 ôté de 88 égale combien?

(n) (bequeath) léguer;

∎ she left all her money to charity elle légua toute sa fortune à des œuvres de charité

(o) (be survived by)

∎ he leaves a wife and two children il laisse une femme et deux enfants

3 noun

(a) (from work) congé m; Military permission f;

∎ to be/to go on leave (gen) être/partir en congé; Military être/partir en permission

(b) (permission) permission f, autorisation f;

∎ he asked leave to address the meeting il a demandé la permission de prendre la parole devant l'assemblée;

∎ by or with your leave avec votre permission;

∎ without so much as a by your leave sans même en demander la permission

(c) (farewell) congé m;

∎ to take one's leave (of sb) prendre congé (de qn);

∎ to take leave of sb prendre congé de qn;

∎ figurative to take leave of one's senses perdre la tête ou la raison

►► leave of absence congé m (exceptionnel); (without pay) congé m sans solde; Military permission f exceptionnelle

➲ leave about, leave around separable transitive verb

laisser traîner;

∎ he leaves his stuff around everywhere il laisse traîner ses affaires partout

➲ leave aside separable transitive verb

laisser de côté;

∎ leaving aside the question of cost for the moment si on laisse de côté pour le moment la question du coût

➲ leave behind separable transitive verb

(a) (not take) laisser;

∎ it's hard to leave all your friends and relations behind c'est dur de laisser tous ses amis et sa famille derrière soi;

∎ they left me behind ils sont partis sans moi

(b) (forget) laisser, oublier;

∎ somebody left their watch behind quelqu'un a laissé ou oublié sa montre

(c) (leave as trace) laisser;

∎ the cyclone left behind a trail of destruction le cyclone a tout détruit sur son passage

(d) (outstrip) distancer, devancer;

∎ she soon left the other runners behind elle a vite distancé tous les autres coureurs;

∎ if you don't work harder you'll soon get left behind si tu ne travailles pas plus, tu vas vite te retrouver loin derrière les autres

➲ leave in separable transitive verb

(word, paragraph) garder, laisser

➲ leave off

1 intransitive verb

(stop) s'arrêter;

∎ we'll carry on from where we left off nous allons reprendre là où nous nous étions arrêtés;

∎ British familiar leave off, will you! arrête, tu veux!

2 inseparable transitive verb

British familiar (stop)

∎ to leave off doing sth arrêter de faire qch^□ ;

∎ if it leaves off raining, we'll go for a walk s'il s'arrête de pleuvoir ou si la pluie cesse, nous irons nous promener

3 separable transitive verb

(a) (not put on) ne pas remettre;

∎ who left the top of the toothpaste off? qui a laissé le tube de dentifrice débouché?;

∎ you can leave your jacket off ce n'est pas la peine de remettre ta veste

(b) (not switch or turn on → tap, gas) laisser fermé; (→ light) laisser éteint; (not plug in → appliance) laisser débranché;

∎ we left the heating off while we were away nous avons arrêté ou coupé le chauffage pendant notre absence

➲ leave on separable transitive verb

(a) (not take off → garment) garder; (→ top, cover) laisser;

∎ don't leave the price tag on enlève l'étiquette

(b) (not switch or turn off → tap, gas) laisser ouvert; (→ light) laisser allumé; (not unplug → appliance) laisser branché;

∎ I hope I didn't leave the gas on j'espère que j'ai éteint le gaz

➲ leave out separable transitive verb

(a) (omit) omettre;

∎ several names have been left out plusieurs noms ont été omis;

∎ leave out any reference to her husband in your article dans votre article, évitez toute allusion à son mari

(b) (exclude) exclure;

∎ I felt completely left out at the party j'ai eu le sentiment d'être totalement tenu à l'écart ou exclu de leur petite fête;

∎ leave her out of this! laissez-la en dehors de ça!, ne la mêlez pas à ça!

(c) (not put away → by accident) ne pas ranger; (→ on purpose) laisser sorti, ne pas ranger;

∎ he left a meal out for the children il a laissé un repas tout prêt pour les enfants;

∎ leave the disks out where I can see them laisse les disquettes en évidence;

∎ who left the milk out overnight? qui a oublié de mettre le lait au frigo hier soir?

(d) (leave outdoors) laisser dehors;

∎ to leave the washing out to dry mettre le linge à sécher (dehors)

(e) British familiar (idiom)

∎ leave it out! arrête!

➲ leave over separable transitive verb

(allow or cause to remain) laisser;

∎ to be left over rester;

∎ there are still one or two left over il en reste encore un ou deux

Ⅱ.

leave² [li:v] (pt & pp leaved, cont leaving)

intransitive verb

Botany (produce leaves) feuiller

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > leave
8 take

take [teɪk]

prendre ⇒ 1A (a), 1A (b), 1B (a), 1B (c)-(e), 1C (b), 1D (a), 1D (b), 1E (a), 1F (a), 1G (a), 1G (b), 1G (d), 1H (a), 1H (b), 1I (a), 1I (c), 1I (d), 1I (f), 1I (g), 2 (a)-(c) porter ⇒ 1B (a) mener ⇒ 1B (b) conduire ⇒ 1C (a) recevoir ⇒ 1D (c) croire ⇒ 1F (b) supporter ⇒ 1F (d) supposer ⇒ 1G (c) contenir ⇒ 1I (e) passer ⇒ 1I (i)

(pt took [tʊk], pp taken ['teɪkən])

1 transitive verb

A.

(a) (get hold of) prendre; (seize) prendre, saisir;

∎ let me take your coat donnez-moi votre manteau;

∎ she took the book from him elle lui a pris le livre;

∎ to take sb's hand prendre qn par la main;

∎ she took his arm elle lui a pris le bras;

∎ Peter took her in his arms Peter l'a prise dans ses bras;

∎ the wolf took its prey by the throat le loup a saisi sa proie à la gorge

(b) (get control of, capture → person) prendre, capturer; (→ fish, game) prendre, attraper; Military prendre, s'emparer de;

∎ they took the town that night ils prirent ou s'emparèrent de la ville cette nuit-là;

∎ to take sb prisoner faire qn prisonnier;

∎ to take sb alive prendre ou capturer qn vivant;

∎ I took his queen with my rook j'ai pris sa reine avec ma tour;

∎ to take control of a situation prendre une situation en main;

∎ we took our courage in both hands nous avons pris notre courage à deux mains;

∎ you're taking your life in your hands doing that c'est ta vie que tu risques en faisant cela;

∎ to take the lead in sth (in competition) prendre la tête de qch; (set example) être le premier à faire qch

B.

(a) (carry from one place to another) porter, apporter; (carry along, have in one's possession) prendre, emporter;

∎ she took her mother a cup of tea elle a apporté une tasse de thé à sa mère;

∎ he took the map with him il a emporté la carte;

∎ she took some towels up(stairs)/down(stairs) elle a monté/descendu des serviettes;

∎ don't forget to take your camera n'oubliez pas (de prendre) votre appareil photo;

∎ figurative the committee wanted to take the matter further le comité voulait mener l'affaire plus loin;

∎ the devil take it! que le diable l'emporte!;

∎ you can't take it with you (money when you die) tu ne l'emporteras pas avec toi dans la tombe

(b) (person → lead) mener, emmener; (→ accompany) accompagner;

∎ her father takes her to school son père l'emmène à l'école;

∎ could you take me home? pourriez-vous me ramener ou me raccompagner?;

∎ to take sb across the road faire traverser la rue à qn;

∎ may I take you to dinner? puis-je vous inviter à dîner ou vous emmener dîner?;

∎ he offered to take them to work in the car il leur a proposé de les emmener au bureau en voiture ou de les conduire au bureau;

∎ to take oneself to bed aller se coucher;

∎ please take me with you emmène-moi, s'il te plaît;

∎ humorous I can't take you anywhere tu n'es pas sortable;

∎ the estate agent took them over the house l'agent immobilier leur a fait visiter la maison;

∎ he took her round the museum il lui a fait visiter le musée;

∎ she used to take me along to meetings (avant,) elle m'emmenait aux réunions;

∎ this road will take you to the station cette route vous mènera ou vous conduira à la gare;

∎ I don't want to take you out of your way je ne veux pas vous faire faire un détour;

∎ her job took her all over Africa son travail l'a fait voyager dans toute l'Afrique;

∎ that's what first took me to Portugal c'est ce qui m'a amené au Portugal;

∎ whatever took him there? qu'allait-il faire là-bas?;

∎ the record took her to number one in the charts le disque lui a permis d'être première au hit-parade

(c) (obtain from specified place) prendre, tirer; (remove from specified place) prendre, enlever;

∎ she took a handkerchief from her pocket elle a sorti un mouchoir de sa poche;

∎ I took a chocolate from the box j'ai pris un chocolat dans la boîte;

∎ take a book from the shelf prenez un livre sur l'étagère;

∎ take your feet off the table enlève tes pieds de la table;

∎ he took the saucepan off the heat il a ôté ou retiré la casserole du feu

(d) (appropriate, steal) prendre, voler;

∎ to take sth from sb prendre qch à qn;

∎ someone's taken my wallet on a pris mon portefeuille;

∎ his article is taken directly from my book le texte de son article est tiré directement de mon livre

(e) (draw, derive) prendre, tirer;

∎ a passage taken from a book un passage extrait d'un livre;

∎ a phrase taken from Latin une expression empruntée au latin;

∎ the title is taken from the Bible le titre vient de la Bible;

∎ to take a print from a negative tirer une épreuve d'un négatif

C.

(a) (of bus, car, train etc) conduire, transporter;

∎ the ambulance took him to hospital l'ambulance l'a transporté à l'hôpital;

∎ this bus will take you to the theatre ce bus vous conduira au théâtre;

∎ will this train take me to Cambridge? est-ce que ce train va à ou passe par Cambridge?

(b) (bus, car, plane, train) prendre; (road) prendre, suivre;

∎ American take a right prenez à droite

D.

(a) (have → attitude, bath, holiday) prendre; (make → nap, trip, walk) faire; (→ decision) prendre;

∎ she took a quick look at him elle a jeté un rapide coup d'œil sur lui;

∎ American familiar let's take five soufflons cinq minutes^□ ;

∎ he took a flying leap il a bondi;

∎ American vulgar to take a shit or a dump chier;

∎ archaic or literary to take a wife prendre femme

(b) Photography

∎ to take a photo or a picture prendre une photo;

∎ she took his picture or a picture of him elle l'a pris en photo;

∎ we had our picture taken nous nous sommes fait photographier ou prendre en photo;

∎ familiar he takes a good photo (is photogenic) il est photogénique^□

(c) (receive, get) recevoir; (earn, win → prize) remporter, obtenir; (→ degree, diploma) obtenir, avoir;

∎ he took the blow on his arm il a pris le coup sur le bras;

∎ you can take the call in my office vous pouvez prendre l'appel dans mon bureau;

∎ the bookstore takes about $3,000 a day la librairie fait à peu près 3000 dollars (de recette) par jour;

∎ how much does he take home a month? quel est son salaire mensuel net?;

∎ Cards we took all the tricks nous avons fait toutes les levées;

∎ their team took the match leur équipe a gagné ou remporté le match

E.

(a) (assume, undertake) prendre;

∎ to take the blame for sth prendre la responsabilité de qch;

∎ you'll have to take the consequences c'est vous qui en subirez les conséquences;

∎ she takes all the credit for our success elle s'attribue tout le mérite de notre réussite;

∎ I take responsibility for their safety je me charge de leur sécurité;

∎ to take the part of Hamlet jouer (le rôle d')Hamlet

(b) (commit oneself to)

∎ he took my side in the argument il a pris parti pour moi dans la dispute;

∎ the boy took an oath or a vow to avenge his family le garçon a fait serment ou a juré de venger sa famille;

∎ American to take the Fifth (Amendment) invoquer le Cinquième Amendement (pour refuser de répondre)

(c) (allow oneself)

∎ may I take the liberty of inviting you to dinner? puis-je me permettre de vous inviter à dîner?;

∎ he took the opportunity to thank them or of thanking them il a profité de l'occasion pour les remercier

F.

(a) (accept → job, gift, payment) prendre, accepter; (→ cheque, bet) accepter;

∎ the doctor only takes private patients le docteur ne prend pas les patients du service public;

∎ the owner won't take less than $100 for it le propriétaire en veut au moins 100 dollars;

∎ does this machine take pound coins? cette machine accepte-t-elle les pièces d'une livre?;

∎ to take a bribe se laisser acheter ou corrompre;

∎ you'll have to take me as I am il faut me prendre comme je suis;

∎ take things as they come prenez les choses comme elles viennent;

∎ I won't take "no" for an answer pas question de refuser;

∎ it's my last offer, (you can) take it or leave it c'est ma dernière offre, c'est à prendre ou à laisser;

∎ I'll take it from here je prends la suite;

∎ I'll take it from there je verrai à ce moment-là

(b) (accept as valid) croire;

∎ to take sb's advice suivre les conseils de qn;

∎ take it from me, he's a crook croyez-moi, c'est un escroc

(c) (deal with)

∎ let's take things one at a time prenons les choses une par une;

∎ the mayor took their questions calmly le maire a entendu leurs questions avec calme;

∎ how did she take the questioning? comment a-t-elle réagi à ou pris l'interrogatoire?;

∎ they took the news well or in their stride ils ont plutôt bien pris la nouvelle;

∎ to take sth badly prendre mal qch;

∎ familiar to take things easy or it easy se la couler douce;

∎ familiar take it easy! (don't get angry) du calme!^□

(d) (bear, endure → pain, heat, pressure, criticism) supporter; (→ damage, loss) subir;

∎ don't take any nonsense! ne te laisse pas faire!;

∎ your father won't take any nonsense ton père ne plaisante pas avec ce genre de choses;

∎ she can take it elle tiendra le coup;

∎ esp American I'm not taking any! je ne marche pas!;

∎ we couldn't take any more on n'en pouvait plus;

∎ I can't take much more of this je commence à en avoir assez, je ne vais pas supporter cela bien longtemps;

∎ I find his constant sarcasm rather hard to take je trouve ses sarcasmes perpétuels difficiles à supporter;

∎ don't expect me to take this lying down ne comptez pas sur moi pour accepter ça sans rien dire;

∎ those shoes have taken a lot of punishment ces chaussures en ont vu de toutes les couleurs;

∎ to take heavy loads (crane, engine etc) supporter de lourdes charges;

∎ it won't take your weight ça ne supportera pas ton poids

(e) (experience, feel)

∎ to take fright prendre peur;

∎ to take an interest in sb/sth s'intéresser à qn/qch;

∎ don't take offence ne vous vexez pas, ne vous offensez pas;

∎ no offence taken il n'y a pas de mal;

∎ we take pleasure in travelling nous prenons plaisir à voyager;

∎ she takes pride in her work elle est fière de ce qu'elle fait;

∎ to take pride in one's appearance prendre soin de sa personne

G.

(a) (consider, look at) prendre, considérer;

∎ take Einstein (for example) prenons (l'exemple d')Einstein;

∎ take the case of Colombia prenons le cas de la Colombie;

∎ taking everything into consideration tout bien considéré;

∎ to take sb/sth seriously prendre qn/qch au sérieux

(b) (consider as)

∎ do you take me for an idiot? vous me prenez pour un idiot?;

∎ what do you take me for? pour qui me prenez-vous?;

∎ I took you for an Englishman je vous croyais anglais;

∎ he took me for somebody else il m'a pris pour quelqu'un d'autre;

∎ to take the news as or to be true tenir la nouvelle pour vraie;

∎ how old do you take her to be? quel âge est-ce que tu lui donnes?

(c) (suppose, presume) supposer, présumer;

∎ he's never been to Madrid, I take it si je comprends bien, il n'a jamais été à Madrid;

∎ I take it you're his mother je suppose que vous êtes sa mère

(d) (interpret, understand) prendre, comprendre;

∎ we never know how to take his jokes on ne sait jamais comment prendre ses plaisanteries;

∎ don't take that literally ne le prenez pas au pied de la lettre;

∎ he was slow to take my meaning il lui a fallu un moment avant de comprendre ce que je voulais dire

H.

(a) (require) prendre, demander;

∎ how long will it take to get there? combien de temps faudra-t-il pour y aller?;

∎ the flight takes three hours le vol dure trois heures;

∎ it will take you ten minutes vous en avez pour dix minutes;

∎ it took him a minute to understand il a mis une minute avant de comprendre;

∎ it took us longer than I expected cela nous a pris plus de temps que je ne pensais;

∎ it takes time to learn a language il faut du temps pour apprendre une langue;

∎ what kind of batteries does it take? quelle sorte de piles faut-il?;

∎ my car takes unleaded ma voiture roule au sans-plomb;

∎ he took a bit of coaxing before he accepted il a fallu le pousser un peu pour qu'il accepte;

∎ it took four people to stop the brawl ils ont dû se mettre à quatre pour arrêter la bagarre;

∎ it takes a clever man to do that bien malin ou habile qui peut le faire;

∎ it takes courage to admit one's mistakes il faut du courage pour admettre ses erreurs;

∎ it takes patience to work with children il faut de la patience ou il faut être patient pour travailler avec les enfants;

∎ one glance was all it took un regard a suffi;

∎ the job took some doing la tâche n'a pas été facile;

∎ that will take some explaining voilà qui va demander des explications;

∎ her story takes some believing son histoire n'est pas facile à croire;

∎ to have what it takes to do/to be sth avoir les qualités nécessaires pour faire/être qch;

∎ we need someone with leadership qualities - she has what it takes il nous faut quelqu'un qui ait des qualités de dirigeant - ce n'est pas ce qui lui manque;

∎ familiar he's so lazy - it takes one to know one! il est vraiment paresseux - tu peux parler!

(b) Grammar

∎ "falloir" takes the subjunctive "falloir" est suivi du subjonctif;

∎ noun that takes an "s" in the plural nom qui prend un "s" au pluriel

I.

(a) (food, drink etc) prendre;

∎ do you take milk in your coffee? prenez-vous du lait dans votre café?;

∎ how do you take your coffee? qu'est-ce que tu prends dans ton café?;

∎ I invited him to take tea je l'ai invité à prendre le thé;

∎ she refused to take any food elle a refusé de manger (quoi que ce soit);

∎ to take drugs se droguer;

∎ how many pills has he taken? combien de comprimés a-t-il pris ou absorbé?;

∎ not to be taken internally (on packaging) (à) usage externe;

∎ to be taken twice a day (on packaging) à prendre deux fois par jour;

∎ to take the air prendre l'air

(b) (wear) faire, porter;

∎ she takes a size 10 elle prend du 38;

∎ what size shoe do you take? quelle est votre pointure?

(c) (pick out, choose) prendre, choisir; (buy) prendre, acheter; (rent) prendre, louer;

∎ I'll take it je le prends;

∎ what newspaper do you take? quel journal prenez-vous?;

∎ take your partners (at dance) invitez vos partenaires

(d) (occupy → chair, seat) prendre, s'asseoir sur;

∎ take a seat asseyez-vous;

∎ take your seats! prenez vos places!;

∎ is this seat taken? cette place est-elle occupée ou prise?

(e) (hold → of container, building etc) contenir, avoir une capacité de;

∎ this bus takes fifty passengers c'est un car de cinquante places

(f) (ascertain, find out) prendre;

∎ to take sb's pulse/temperature prendre le pouls/la température de qn;

∎ to take a reading from a meter lire ou relever un compteur

(g) (write down → notes, letter) prendre;

∎ he took a note of her address il a noté son adresse

(h) (subtract) soustraire, déduire;

∎ they took 10 percent off the price ils ont baissé le prix de 10 pour cent;

∎ take 4 from 9 and you have 5 ôtez 4 de 9, il reste 5

(i) School & University (exam) passer, se présenter à; (course) prendre, suivre;

∎ I took Latin and Greek at A level ≃ j'ai pris latin et grec au bac;

∎ she took her degree last year elle a obtenu son diplôme l'an dernier;

∎ she takes us for maths on l'a en maths

(j) (be in charge of) Religion

∎ to take a service célébrer un office;

∎ the assistant director took the rehearsals l'assistant réalisateur s'est occupé des répétitions

(k) (contract, develop)

∎ to take a chill, to take cold prendre froid;

∎ to take sick, to be taken ill tomber malade;

∎ I was taken with a fit of the giggles j'ai été pris d'un fou rire;

∎ she took an instant dislike to him elle l'a tout de suite pris en aversion

(l) (direct, aim)

∎ she took a swipe at him elle a voulu le gifler;

∎ Football to take a penalty tirer un penalty

(m) (refer)

∎ she takes all her problems to her sister elle raconte tous ses problèmes à sa sœur;

∎ he took the matter to his boss il a soumis la question à son patron;

∎ Law they intend to take the case to the High Court ils ont l'intention d'en appeler à la Cour suprême

(n) (have recourse to)

∎ he took an axe to the door il a donné des coups de hache dans la porte;

∎ take the scissors to it vas-y avec les ciseaux;

∎ his father took a stick to him son père lui a donné des coups de bâton;

∎ Law they took legal proceedings against him ils lui ont intenté un procès

(o) (catch unawares) prendre, surprendre;

∎ to take sb by surprise or off guard surprendre qn, prendre qn au dépourvu;

∎ his death took us by surprise sa mort nous a surpris

(p) (negotiate → obstacle) franchir, sauter; (→ bend in road) prendre, négocier

(q) familiar (deceive, cheat) avoir, rouler;

∎ they took him for every penny (he was worth) ils lui ont pris jusqu'à son dernier sou

(r) archaic or literary (have sex with) prendre

2 intransitive verb

(a) (work, have desired effect) prendre;

∎ did the dye take? est-ce que la teinture a pris?;

∎ it was too cold for the seeds to take il faisait trop froid pour que les graines germent

(b) (become popular) prendre, avoir du succès

(c) (fish) prendre, mordre

3 noun

(a) (capture) prise f

(b) Cinema, Photography & Television prise f de vue; Radio enregistrement m, prise f de son; (of record etc) enregistrement m

(c) American (interpretation) interprétation f;

∎ what's your take on her attitude? comment est-ce que tu interprètes son attitude?

(d) American familiar (takings) recette^□ f; (share) part^□ f;

∎ to be on the take toucher des pots-de-vin^□, palper

➲ take aback separable transitive verb

(astonish) étonner, ébahir; (disconcert) déconcerter;

∎ her question took him aback sa question l'a déconcerté;

∎ I was taken aback by the news la nouvelle m'a beaucoup surpris

➲ take after inseparable transitive verb

ressembler à, tenir de;

∎ she takes after her mother in looks physiquement, elle tient de sa mère

➲ take apart separable transitive verb

(a) (dismantle) démonter;

∎ figurative they took the room apart looking for evidence ils ont mis la pièce sens dessus dessous pour trouver des preuves

(b) (criticize) critiquer

➲ take aside separable transitive verb

prendre à part, emmener à l'écart;

∎ the boss took her aside for a chat le patron l'a prise à part pour discuter

➲ take away separable transitive verb

(a) (remove) enlever, retirer;

∎ take that knife away from him enlevez-lui ce couteau;

∎ they took away his pension ils lui ont retiré sa pension;

∎ they took their daughter away from the club ils ont retiré leur fille du club;

∎ his work took him away from his family for long periods son travail le tenait éloigné de sa famille pendant de longues périodes;

∎ euphemism the police took his father away son père a été arrêté par la police;

∎ it takes away the fun ça gâche tout

(b) (carry away → object) emporter; (→ person) emmener;

∎ British sandwiches to take away (sign) sandwiches à emporter;

∎ not to be taken away (in library) à consulter sur place

(c) Mathematics soustraire, retrancher;

∎ nine take away six is three neuf moins six font trois

➲ take away from inseparable transitive verb

(detract from)

∎ that doesn't take away from his achievements as an athlete ça n'enlève rien à ses exploits d'athlète;

∎ to take away from the pleasure/value of sth diminuer le plaisir/la valeur de qch

➲ take back separable transitive verb

(a) (after absence, departure) reprendre;

∎ she took her husband back elle a accepté que son mari revienne vivre avec elle;

∎ the factory took back the workers l'usine a repris les ouvriers

(b) (gift, unsold goods, sale item etc) reprendre

(c) (return) rapporter; (accompany) raccompagner;

∎ take it back to the shop rapporte-le au magasin;

∎ he took her back home il l'a raccompagnée ou ramenée chez elle

(d) (retract, withdraw) retirer, reprendre;

∎ I take back everything I said je retire tout ce que j'ai dit;

∎ all right, I take it back! d'accord, je n'ai rien dit!

(e) (remind of the past)

∎ that takes me back to my childhood ça me rappelle mon enfance;

∎ that song takes me back forty years cette chanson me ramène quarante ans en arrière;

∎ it takes you back a bit, doesn't it? ça ne nous rajeunit pas tout ça, hein?

(f) Typography transférer à la ligne précédente

➲ take down

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (carry, lead downstairs → object) descendre; (→ person) faire descendre;

∎ the lift took us down to the 4th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 4ème étage

(b) (lower) descendre;

∎ she took the book down from the shelf elle a pris le livre sur l'étagère;

∎ can you help me take the curtains down? peux-tu m'aider à décrocher les rideaux?;

∎ she took his picture down from the wall elle a enlevé sa photo du mur;

∎ he took his trousers down il a baissé son pantalon

(c) (note) prendre, noter;

∎ he took down the registration number il a relevé le numéro d'immatriculation;

∎ to take down a letter in shorthand prendre une lettre en sténo

(d) (dismantle → scaffolding, circus tent) démonter

2 intransitive verb

se démonter

➲ take in separable transitive verb

(a) (lead → person) faire entrer; (carry → washing, harvest etc) rentrer

(b) (bring into one's home → person) héberger; (→ boarder) prendre; (→ orphan, stray animal) recueillir;

∎ she takes in ironing elle fait du repassage à domicile

(c) (place in custody)

∎ the police took him in la police l'a mis ou placé en garde à vue

(d) (air, water, food etc)

∎ she can only take in food intravenously on ne peut la nourrir que par intraveineuse;

∎ whales take in air through their blowhole les baleines respirent par l'évent

(e) (understand, perceive) saisir, comprendre;

∎ he was sitting taking it all in il était là, assis, écoutant tout ce qui se disait;

∎ he didn't take in the real implications of her announcement il n'a pas saisi les véritables implications de sa déclaration;

∎ I can't take in the fact that I've won je n'arrive pas à croire que j'ai gagné;

∎ she took in the situation at a glance elle a compris la situation en un clin d'œil

(f) (make smaller → garment) reprendre; (→ in knitting) diminuer;

∎ you'd better take in the slack on the rope tu ferais bien de tendre ou retendre la corde;

∎ Nautical to take in a sail carguer ou serrer une voile

(g) (cover → several countries etc) comprendre, englober; (→ questions, possibilities) embrasser;

∎ the tour takes in all the important towns l'excursion passe par toutes les villes importantes

(h) (attend, go to) aller à;

∎ to take in a show aller au théâtre;

∎ she took in the castle while in Blois elle a visité le château pendant qu'elle était à Blois;

∎ they took in the sights in Rome ils ont fait le tour des sites touristiques à Rome

(i) familiar (cheat, deceive) tromper^□, rouler;

∎ don't be taken in by him ne vous laissez pas rouler par lui;

∎ I'm not going to be taken in by your lies je ne suis pas dupe de tes mensonges^□ ;

∎ he was completely taken in il marchait complètement

➲ take off

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (remove → clothing, lid, make-up, tag) enlever;

∎ the boy took his clothes off le garçon a enlevé ses vêtements ou s'est déshabillé;

∎ she took her glasses off elle a enlevé ses lunettes;

∎ he often takes the phone off the hook il laisse souvent le téléphone décroché;

∎ to take sb off a list rayer qn d'une liste;

∎ the surgeon had to take her leg off le chirurgien a dû l'amputer de la jambe;

∎ Cars to take off the brake desserrer le frein (à main);

∎ figurative he didn't take his eyes off her all night il ne l'a pas quittée des yeux de la soirée;

∎ I tried to take her mind off her troubles j'ai essayé de lui changer les idées ou de la distraire de ses ennuis;

∎ familiar his retirement has taken ten years off him sa retraite l'a rajeuni de dix ans^□ ;

∎ to take sth off sb's hands débarrasser qn de qch;

∎ I'll take the baby off your hands for a few hours je vais garder le bébé pendant quelques heures, ça te libérera

(b) (deduct) déduire, rabattre;

∎ the teacher took one point off her grade le professeur lui a retiré un point;

∎ the manager took 10 percent off the price le directeur a baissé le prix de 10 pour cent

(c) (lead away) emmener;

∎ she was taken off to hospital on l'a transportée à l'hôpital;

∎ the murderer was taken off to jail on a emmené l'assassin en prison;

∎ her friend took her off to dinner son ami l'a emmenée dîner;

∎ she took herself off to Italy elle est partie en Italie;

∎ to take the passengers off (by boat from a ship) débarquer les passagers;

∎ the injured man was taken off the ship by helicopter le blessé a été évacué du bateau par hélicoptère

(d) (time)

∎ to take some time off prendre un congé;

∎ take a few days off prenez quelques jours de vacances ou de congé;

∎ she takes Thursdays off elle ne travaille pas le jeudi

(e) familiar (copy) imiter^□ ; (mimic) imiter^□, singer

(f) (discontinue → train, bus etc) supprimer; (→ show, programme) annuler

2 intransitive verb

(a) (aeroplane) décoller;

∎ they took off for or to Heathrow ils se sont envolés pour Heathrow

(b) familiar (person → depart) partir^□ ; (hurriedly) se barrer, se tirer;

∎ he took off without telling us il est parti sans nous avertir

(c) familiar (become successful) décoller

➲ take on

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (accept, undertake) prendre, accepter;

∎ to take on the responsibility for sth se charger de qch;

∎ don't take on more than you can handle ne vous surchargez pas;

∎ she took it on herself to tell him elle a pris sur elle de le lui dire;

∎ he took the job on (position) il a accepté le poste; (task) il s'est mis au travail;

∎ to take on a bet accepter un pari

(b) (contend with, fight against) lutter ou se battre contre; (compete against) jouer contre;

∎ the unions took on the government les syndicats se sont attaqués ou s'en sont pris au gouvernement;

∎ I shouldn't like to take him on je n'aimerais pas avoir affaire à lui;

∎ he took us on at poker il nous a défiés au poker

(c) (acquire, assume) prendre, revêtir;

∎ her face took on a worried look elle a pris un air inquiet;

∎ the word takes on another meaning le mot prend une autre signification

(d) (load) prendre, embarquer

(e) (hire) embaucher, engager

2 intransitive verb

familiar (fret, carry on) s'en faire;

∎ don't take on so! ne t'en fais pas!

➲ take out separable transitive verb

(a) (remove → object) prendre, sortir; (→ stain) ôter, enlever; (extract → tooth) arracher;

∎ take the cheese out of the refrigerator sors le fromage du réfrigérateur;

∎ he took the knife out of his pocket il a sorti le couteau de sa poche;

∎ take your hands out of your pockets enlève les mains de tes poches;

∎ they took their children out of school ils ont retiré leurs enfants de l'école;

∎ Medicine to take out sb's appendix/tonsils enlever l'appendice/les amygdales à qn;

∎ figurative to take the food out of sb's mouth retirer le pain de la bouche de qn

(b) (carry, lead outside → object) sortir; (→ person) faire sortir; (escort) emmener;

∎ to take sb out to dinner/to the movies emmener qn dîner/au cinéma;

∎ I took her out for a bike ride je l'ai emmenée faire un tour à vélo;

∎ would you take the dog out? tu veux bien sortir le chien ou aller promener le chien?

(c) (food) emporter;

∎ American sandwiches to take out (sign) sandwiches à emporter

(d) (obtain → subscription) prendre; (→ insurance policy) souscrire à, prendre; (→ licence) se procurer; (→ patent) prendre;

∎ to take out a mortgage faire un emprunt immobilier

(e) familiar (destroy → factory, town) détruire^□ ;

∎ to take sb out (kill) buter qn, zigouiller qn, refroidir qn;

∎ the planes took the factory out by bombing les avions ont détruit l'usine (en la bombardant)

(f) Cards

∎ to take out one's partner changer la couleur annoncée par son partenaire

(g) (idioms)

∎ to take sb out of himself/herself changer les idées à qn;

∎ familiar working as an interpreter takes a lot out of you le travail d'interprète est épuisant^□ ;

∎ familiar the operation really took it out of him l'opération l'a mis à plat;

∎ familiar it takes the fun out of it ça gâche tout^□ ;

∎ familiar to take it out on sb s'en prendre à qn^□ ;

∎ familiar he took his anger out on his wife il a passé sa colère sur sa femme^□ ;

∎ familiar don't take it out on me! ne t'en prends pas à moi!^□

➲ take over

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (assume responsibility of) reprendre;

∎ he wants his daughter to take over the business il veut que sa fille reprenne l'affaire;

∎ she took over my classes elle a pris la suite de mes cours;

∎ will you be taking over his job? est-ce que vous allez le remplacer (dans ses fonctions)?

(b) (gain control of, invade) s'emparer de;

∎ the military took over the country l'armée a pris le pouvoir;

∎ she takes the place over (by being bossy etc) elle joue les despotes;

∎ fast-food restaurants have taken over Paris les fast-foods ou French Canadian restaurants-minute ont envahi Paris

(c) Finance (buy out) absorber, racheter;

∎ they were taken over by a Japanese firm ils ont été rachetés par une entreprise japonaise

(d) (carry across) apporter; (escort across) emmener;

∎ I'll take you over by car je vais vous y conduire en voiture;

∎ the boat took us over to Seattle le bateau nous a emmenés jusqu'à Seattle

(e) Typography transférer à la ligne suivante

2 intransitive verb

(a) (as replacement)

∎ who will take over now that the mayor has stepped down? qui va prendre la relève maintenant que le maire a donné sa démission?;

∎ I'll take over when he leaves je le remplacerai quand il partira;

∎ will he allow her to take over? va-t-il lui céder la place?;

∎ compact discs have taken over from records le (disque) compact a remplacé le (disque) vinyle

(b) (army, dictator) prendre le pouvoir

➲ take to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (have a liking for → person) se prendre d'amitié ou de sympathie pour, prendre en amitié; (→ activity, game) prendre goût à;

∎ I think he took to you je crois que vous lui avez plu;

∎ we took to one another at once nous avons tout de suite sympathisé;

∎ she didn't take to him il ne lui a pas plu;

∎ we've really taken to golf nous avons vraiment pris goût au golf

(b) (acquire as a habit) se mettre à;

∎ to take to drink or to the bottle se mettre à boire;

∎ to take to doing sth se mettre à faire qch;

∎ she took to wearing black elle s'est mise à s'habiller en noir

(c) (make for, head for)

∎ he's taken to his bed with the flu il est alité avec la grippe;

∎ the rebels took to the hills les insurgés se sont réfugiés dans les collines;

∎ they took to the woods ils se sont enfuis dans les bois;

∎ to take to the road prendre la route;

∎ to take to the boats monter dans les canots de sauvetage

➲ take up

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (carry, lead upstairs → object) monter; (→ person) faire monter;

∎ the lift took us up to the 25th floor l'ascenseur nous a amenés au 25ème étage

(b) (pick up → object) ramasser, prendre; (→ passenger) prendre; (→ paving stones, railway tracks) enlever;

∎ she took up the notes from the table elle a ramassé ou pris les notes sur la table;

∎ they're taking up the street la rue est en travaux;

∎ we finally took up the carpet nous avons enfin enlevé la moquette

(c) (absorb) absorber

(d) (shorten) raccourcir;

∎ you'd better take up the slack in that rope tu ferais mieux de retendre ou tendre cette corde

(e) (fill, occupy → space) prendre, tenir; (→ time) prendre, demander;

∎ this table takes up too much room cette table prend trop de place ou est trop encombrante;

∎ moving house took up the whole day le déménagement a pris toute la journée;

∎ her work takes up all her attention son travail l'absorbe complètement

(f) (begin, become interested in → activity, hobby) se mettre à; (→ job) prendre; (→ career) commencer, embrasser;

∎ when did you take up Greek? quand est-ce que tu t'es mis au grec?;

∎ I've taken up gardening je me suis mis au jardinage

(g) (continue, resume) reprendre, continuer;

∎ I took up the tale where Susan had left off j'ai repris l'histoire là où Susan l'avait laissée;

∎ she took up her knitting again elle a repris son tricot

(h) (adopt → attitude) prendre, adopter; (→ method) adopter; (→ place, position) prendre; (→ idea) adopter;

∎ they took up residence in town ils se sont installés en ville;

∎ to take up one's duties entrer en fonctions

(i) (accept → offer) accepter; (→ advice, suggestion) suivre; (→ challenge) relever

(j) (discuss) discuter, parler de; (bring up) aborder;

∎ take it up with the boss parlez-en au patron

(k) (shares, stock) souscrire à

(l) Finance (option) lever, consolider; (bill) honorer, retirer

2 intransitive verb

reprendre, continuer

➲ take upon separable transitive verb

∎ he took it upon himself to organize the meeting il s'est chargé d'organiser la réunion

➲ take up on separable transitive verb

(a) (accept offer, advice of)

∎ his daughter took him up on his advice sa fille a suivi ses conseils;

∎ he might take you up on that someday! il risque de vous prendre au mot un jour!;

∎ she took him up on his promise elle a mis sa parole à l'épreuve

(b) (ask to explain)

∎ I'd like to take you up on that point j'aimerais revenir sur ce point avec vous

➲ take up with inseparable transitive verb

(a) (befriend)

∎ to take up with sb se lier d'amitié avec qn, prendre qn en amitié;

∎ she took up with a bad crowd elle s'est mise à fréquenter des vauriens

(b) (preoccupy)

∎ to be taken up with doing sth être occupé à faire qch;

∎ she's very taken up with him elle ne pense qu'à lui;

∎ she's taken up with her business elle est très prise par ses affaires;

∎ meetings were taken up with talk about the economy on passait les réunions à parler de l'économie

✾ Film 'Take the Money and Run' Allen 'Prends l'oseille et tire-toi'

✾ Film 'You Can't Take It With You' Capra 'Vous ne l'emporterez pas avec vous'

ⓘ Take me to your leader Il s'agit de la formule prononcée par les extra-terrestres fraîchement débarqués sur terre dans les vieux films de science-fiction et adressée au premier terrien rencontré. On emploie cette phrase ("menez-moi jusqu'à votre chef") de façon humoristique lorsque, dans une situation donnée, on désire parler au responsable.

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > take
9 see

see [si:]

voir ⇒ 1 (a)-(h), 1 (j)-(o), 1 (q)-(s), 1 (u), 2 (a)-(e) consulter ⇒ 1 (d) rencontrer ⇒ 1 (e) recevoir ⇒ 1 (g) comprendre ⇒ 1 (j) s'imaginer ⇒ 1 (l) s'assurer ⇒ 1 (p) connaître ⇒ 1 (r) accompagner ⇒ 1 (t) comprendre ⇒ 2 (d)

(pt saw [sɔ:], pp seen [si:n])

1 transitive verb

(a) (perceive with eyes) voir;

∎ can you see me? est-ce que tu me vois?;

∎ I can't see a thing je ne vois rien;

∎ she could see a light in the distance elle voyait une lumière au loin;

∎ I could see she'd been crying je voyais qu'elle avait pleuré;

∎ he saw her talk or talking to the policeman il l'a vue parler ou qui parlait au policier;

∎ did anyone see you take it? est-ce que quelqu'un t'a vu le prendre?;

∎ did you see what happened? avez-vous vu ce qui s'est passé?;

∎ let me see your hands fais-moi voir ou montre-moi tes mains;

∎ now see what you've done! regarde ce que tu as fait!;

∎ can I see your newspaper a minute? puis-je voir votre journal ou jeter un coup d'œil sur votre journal un instant?;

∎ I see her around a lot je la croise assez souvent;

∎ I don't want to be seen with him je ne veux pas être vu ou qu'on me voie avec lui;

∎ there wasn't a car to be seen il n'y avait pas une seule voiture en vue;

∎ the cathedral can be seen from a long way off on voit la cathédrale de très loin;

∎ nothing more was ever seen of her on ne l'a plus jamais revue;

∎ it has to be seen to be believed il faut le voir pour le croire;

∎ she began to see spies everywhere elle s'est mise à voir des espions partout;

∎ there's nothing there, you're seeing things! il n'y a rien, tu as des hallucinations!;

∎ I could see what was going to happen (a mile off) je le voyais venir (gros comme une maison);

∎ familiar they saw you coming (a mile off) ils t'ont vu arriver de loin;

∎ could you see your way (clear) to lending me £20? est-ce que vous pourriez me prêter 20 livres?;

∎ to see the back or last of sth en avoir fini avec qch;

∎ I'll be glad to see the back or last of her je serai content d'être débarrassé d'elle

(b) (watch → movie, play, programme) voir;

∎ I saw it on the news je l'ai vu au journal télévisé;

∎ did you see the match last night? as-tu vu le match hier soir?

(c) (refer to → page, chapter) voir;

∎ see page 317 voir page 317;

∎ see above voir plus haut;

∎ see (on) the back voir au verso

(d) (consult → doctor, lawyer) consulter, voir;

∎ you should see a doctor tu devrais voir ou consulter un médecin;

∎ I'll be seeing my lawyer about this je vais consulter mon avocat à ce sujet;

∎ I'll be seeing the candidates next week je verrai les candidats la semaine prochaine;

∎ I want to see the manager je veux voir le directeur;

∎ can I see you for a minute in my office? je peux vous voir un instant dans mon bureau?;

∎ I'd like to see you on business je voudrais vous parler affaires

(e) (meet by chance) voir, rencontrer;

∎ guess who I saw at the supermarket! devine qui j'ai vu ou qui j'ai rencontré au supermarché!

(f) (visit → person, place) voir;

∎ come round and see me some time passe me voir un de ces jours;

∎ they came to see me in hospital ils sont venus me voir à l'hôpital;

∎ I've always wanted to see China j'ai toujours voulu voir la Chine

(g) (receive a visit from) recevoir, voir;

∎ he's too ill to see anyone il est trop malade pour voir qui que ce soit;

∎ she can't see you right now, she's busy elle ne peut pas vous recevoir ou voir maintenant, elle est trop occupée

(h) (spend time with socially) voir;

∎ do you still see the Browns? est-ce que vous voyez toujours les Brown?;

∎ we've seen quite a lot of them recently nous les avons beaucoup vus dernièrement;

∎ we see less of them these days nous les voyons moins en ce moment;

∎ is he seeing anyone at the moment? (going out with) est-ce qu'il a quelqu'un en ce moment?

(i) familiar (saying goodbye)

∎ see you!, (I'll) be seeing you! salut!;

∎ see you later! à tout à l'heure!;

∎ see you around! à un de ces jours!;

∎ see you tomorrow! à demain!;

∎ see you in London! on se verra à Londres!

(j) (understand) voir, comprendre;

∎ I see what you mean je vois ou comprends ce que vous voulez dire;

∎ I don't see what's so funny! je ne vois pas ce qu'il y a de si drôle!;

∎ he can't see the joke il ne comprend pas la plaisanterie;

∎ I could see his point je voyais ce qu'il voulait dire;

∎ I don't see any point in going back now je ne vois pas du tout l'intérêt qu'il y aurait à y retourner maintenant;

∎ I can see why you were worried je vois pourquoi vous étiez inquiet;

∎ I can't see that it matters je ne vois pas quelle importance ça a

(k) (consider, view) voir;

∎ try to see things from my point of view essayez de voir les choses de mon point de vue;

∎ we see things differently nous ne voyons pas les choses de la même façon;

∎ you'll see things differently in the morning demain tu verras les choses d'un autre œil;

∎ that's how I see it c'est comme ça que je vois les choses;

∎ he doesn't see his drinking as a problem il ne se considère pas comme un alcoolique;

∎ how do you see the current situation? que pensez-vous de la situation actuelle?;

∎ as I see it, it's the parents who are to blame à mon avis, ce sont les parents qui sont responsables

(l) (envisage, picture) voir, s'imaginer;

∎ I can't see him getting married je ne le vois pas ou je ne me l'imagine pas se mariant;

∎ I can't see them accepting this je ne peux pas croire qu'ils vont accepter cela;

∎ I can't see you as a boxer je ne te vois pas en boxeur;

∎ she just couldn't see herself as a wife and mother elle ne s'imaginait pas se mariant et ayant des enfants;

∎ I can't see it myself je n'y crois pas trop;

∎ they say this will be more efficient but I don't see it ils disent que cela sera plus efficace, mais je n'y crois pas;

∎ I don't see any chance of that à mon avis c'est peu probable;

∎ can I borrow the car? - I don't see why not est-ce que je peux prendre la voiture? - je n'y vois pas d'inconvénients;

∎ will you finish in time? - I don't see why not vous aurez fini à temps? - il n'y a pas de raison;

∎ what do you see happening next? d'après vous, qu'est-ce qui va se passer ensuite?;

∎ how do you see things developing? comment est-ce que vous envisagez l'avenir?

(m) (try to find out) voir;

∎ I'll see if I can fix it je vais voir si je peux le réparer;

∎ I'll see what I can do je vais voir ce que je peux faire;

∎ go and see if he's still asleep va voir s'il dort encore;

∎ she called by to see what had happened elle est venue pour savoir ce qui s'était passé

(n) (perceive) voir;

∎ I can't see any improvement je ne vois pas d'amélioration;

∎ to see oneself in one's children se reconnaître dans ses enfants;

∎ what can she possibly see in him? qu'est-qu'elle peut bien lui trouver?;

∎ they must have seen how worried I was ils ont dû voir combien j'étais inquiet

(o) (discover, learn) voir;

∎ I'm pleased to see you're enjoying life je suis heureux de voir que tu profites de la vie;

∎ I'll be interested to see how he gets on je serais curieux de voir comment il se débrouillera;

∎ I see (that) he's getting married j'ai appris qu'il allait se marier;

∎ I saw it in the paper this morning je l'ai vu ou lu ce matin dans le journal;

∎ as we shall see in a later chapter comme nous le verrons dans un chapitre ultérieur;

∎ I see she's in the new Scorsese movie je vois qu'elle est dans le nouveau film de Scorsese

(p) (make sure) s'assurer, veiller à;

∎ see that all the lights are out before you leave assurez-vous que ou veillez à ce que toutes les lumières soient éteintes avant de partir;

∎ see that everything's ready for when they arrive veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour leur arrivée;

∎ I shall see that he comes je me charge de le faire venir;

∎ familiar she'll see you right elle veillera à ce que tu ne manques de rien^□, elle prendra bien soin de toi^□

(q) (inspect → file, passport, ticket) voir;

∎ can I see your ticket, sir? puis-je voir votre ticket, Monsieur?

(r) (experience) voir, connaître;

∎ he thinks he's seen it all il croit tout savoir;

∎ most recruits never see active service la plupart des recrues ne voient jamais la guerre de près;

∎ our car has seen better days notre voiture a connu des jours meilleurs;

∎ the city hasn't seen such crowds in decades la ville n'a pas connu une foule pareille depuis des dizaines d'années;

∎ the country saw many changes le pays a connu de grands changements

(s) (witness) voir;

∎ they have seen their purchasing power halved ils ont vu leur pouvoir d'achat diminuer de moitié;

∎ last year saw an increase in profits l'année dernière a vu une augmentation des bénéfices;

∎ the next decade will see enormous changes la prochaine décennie verra se produire des changements considérables;

∎ I never thought I'd see the day when he'd admit he was wrong je n'aurais jamais cru qu'un jour il admettrait avoir tort;

∎ you don't see athletes like her any more! il n'y a plus beaucoup d'athlètes comme elle!

(t) (accompany) accompagner;

∎ I'll see you to the bus stop je t'accompagne à ou jusqu'à l'arrêt du bus;

∎ I'll see you home je te raccompagne chez toi;

∎ see Mr Smith to the door, please veuillez raccompagner M. Smith jusqu'à la porte;

∎ he saw her into a taxi/onto the train il l'a mise dans un taxi/le train;

∎ to see sb across the road aider qn à traverser la rue

(u) (in poker) voir;

∎ I'll see you je vous vois;

∎ I'll see your $10 and raise you 20 je vous suis à 10 dollars et je relance de 20

2 intransitive verb

(a) (perceive with eyes) voir;

∎ I can't see without (my) glasses je ne vois rien sans mes lunettes;

∎ he may never see again il se peut qu'il ne voie plus jamais;

∎ on a clear day you can see as far as the coast par temps clair on voit jusqu'à la mer;

∎ you can see for miles around la vue s'étend sur des kilomètres;

∎ cats can see in the dark les chats voient dans l'obscurité;

∎ I haven't quite finished - so I see je n'ai pas tout à fait terminé - c'est ce que je vois;

∎ to see into the future voir ou lire dans l'avenir;

∎ she can't see any further than the end of her nose elle ne voit pas plus loin que le bout de son nez;

∎ for all to see au vu et au su de tous

(b) (look) voir;

∎ can I see? je peux voir?;

∎ let me see!, let's see! fais voir!;

∎ see for yourself voyez par vous-même;

∎ familiar see! I told you he wouldn't let us down tu vois! je t'avais dit qu'il ne nous laisserait pas tomber

(c) (find out) voir;

∎ is that the baby crying? - I'll go and see c'est le bébé qu'on entend pleurer? - je vais voir;

∎ you'll see! tu verras!;

∎ we shall see nous verrons (bien);

∎ we'll soon see on le saura vite;

∎ we'll soon see if… on saura vite si…

(d) (understand) voir, comprendre;

∎ it makes no difference as far as I can see autant que je puisse en juger, ça ne change rien;

∎ you see, there's something else you should know tu vois, il y a quelque chose d'autre que tu devrais savoir;

∎ I was tired, you see, and… j'étais fatigué, voyez-vous, et…;

∎ I see je vois;

∎ familiar I don't want any trouble, see? je ne veux pas d'histoires, OK?;

∎ familiar old-fashioned now see here, young man! écoutez-moi, jeune homme!

(e) (consider)

∎ let me or let's see voyons voir;

∎ it was, let me see, in 1938 c'était, voyons (voir), en 1938;

∎ Mum said you'd take us to the fair - we'll see Maman a dit que tu nous amènerais à la foire - on verra (ça)

3 noun

Religion (of bishop) siège m épiscopal, évêché m; (of archbishop) archevêché m

➲ see about inseparable transitive verb

(a) (deal with) s'occuper de;

∎ I'll see about making the reservations je m'occuperai des réservations;

∎ they're sending someone to see about the gas ils envoient quelqu'un pour vérifier le gaz

(b) (consider) voir;

∎ I'll see about it je verrai ça;

∎ we'll have to see about getting a new car il va falloir songer à acheter une nouvelle voiture;

∎ familiar they won't let us in - we'll (soon) see about that! ils ne veulent pas nous laisser entrer - c'est ce qu'on va voir!

➲ see around inseparable transitive verb

= see round

➲ see in

1 separable transitive verb

(a) (escort) faire entrer

(b) (celebrate)

∎ to see in the New Year fêter le Nouvel An

2 intransitive verb

voir à l'intérieur;

∎ the curtains were drawn, so we couldn't see in les rideaux étaient tirés, nous ne pouvions pas voir à l'intérieur

➲ see off separable transitive verb

(a) (say goodbye to) dire au revoir à;

∎ she came to see me off at the station elle est venue à la gare me dire au revoir

(b) (chase away) chasser;

∎ see him off! (to dog) chasse-le!

(c) (repel → attack) repousser

➲ see out separable transitive verb

(a) (accompany to the door) reconduire ou raccompagner à la porte;

∎ can you see yourself out? pouvez-vous trouver la sortie tout seul?;

∎ goodbye, I'll see myself out au revoir, ce n'est pas la peine de me raccompagner

(b) (stay or last until end of)

∎ I'll see another year out here then go home je vais passer une autre année ici puis je rentrerai;

∎ we've got enough food to see the week out nous avons assez à manger pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;

∎ I don't think these boots will see the winter out je ne crois pas que ces bottes feront l'hiver;

∎ he isn't expected to see out the week il y a peu de chances qu'il survive jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;

∎ he'll see us all out! (will survive us) il nous enterrera tous!

(c) (celebrate)

∎ to see out the Old Year fêter le Nouvel An

➲ see over inseparable transitive verb

= see round

➲ see round inseparable transitive verb

visiter;

∎ they came to see round the house ils sont venus pour visiter la maison

➲ see through

1 inseparable transitive verb

(a) (window, fabric) voir à travers

(b) (be wise to → person) percer à jour, voir dans le jeu de; (→ trick, scheme, behaviour) ne pas se laisser tromper par;

∎ I saw through him je l'ai percé à jour, j'ai vu dans son jeu;

∎ she saw through his apparent cheerfulness elle ne s'est pas laissée tromper par ou elle n'a pas été dupe de son apparente bonne humeur;

∎ I saw through their little game j'ai vite compris leur petit jeu

2 separable transitive verb

(a) (bring to a successful end) mener à bonne fin;

∎ we can count on her to see the job through on peut compter sur elle pour mener l'affaire à bien

(b) (stay until end of)

∎ to see a show/film through assister à un spectacle/regarder un film jusqu'au bout

(c) (support, sustain)

∎ I've got enough money to see me through the week j'ai assez d'argent pour tenir jusqu'à la fin de la semaine;

∎ £20 should see me through (to Monday) 20 livres devraient me suffire (jusqu'à lundi);

∎ their love has seen them through many a crisis leur amour les a aidés à surmonter de nombreuses crises;

∎ her good humour will always see her through any difficulties sa bonne humeur lui permettra toujours de traverser les moments difficiles

➲ see to inseparable transitive verb

(a) (look after) s'occuper de;

∎ I'll see to the dinner je m'occuperai du dîner;

∎ I'll see to it je vais m'en occuper, je m'en charge;

∎ see to it that everything's ready by 5 p.m. veillez à ce que tout soit prêt pour 17 heures;

∎ she saw to it that our picnic was ruined elle a fait en sorte de gâcher notre pique-nique

(b) (repair) réparer;

∎ you should get the brakes seen to tu devrais faire réparer les freins

Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > see
10 count

I 1. noun
1) Zählen, das; Zählung, die

keep count [of something] — [etwas] zählen

lose count — beim Zählen durcheinander geraten

lose count of something — etwas gar nicht mehr zählen können

have/take/make a count — zählen

on the count of three — bei "drei"

2) (Law) Anklagepunkt, der

on that count — (fig.) in diesem Punkt

3) (Boxing) Auszählen, das

be out for the count — ausgezählt werden; (fig.) hinüber sein (ugs.)
2. transitive verb
1) zählen

count ten — bis zehn zählen

count the votes — die Stimmen [aus]zählen

count again — nachzählen

count the pennies — (fig.) jeden Pfennig umdrehen

count the cost — (fig.) unter den Folgen zu leiden haben

2) (include) mitzählen

be counted against somebody — gegen jemanden sprechen

not counting — abgesehen von; see also academic.ru/50558/nothing">nothing 1. 1)

3) (consider) halten für

count oneself lucky — sich glücklich schätzen können
3. intransitive verb
1) zählen

count [up] to ten — bis zehn zählen

counting from now — von jetzt an [gerechnet]; ab jetzt

2) (be included) zählen

every moment counts — jede Sekunde zählt

count against somebody — gegen jemanden sprechen

count for much/little — viel/wenig zählen

Phrasal Verbs:

- count in

- count on

- count out

- count up

- count upon
II noun
(nobleman) Graf, der

* * *
I noun
(nobleman in certain countries, equal in rank to a British earl.) der Graf

- countess
II 1. verb
1) (to name the numbers up to: Count (up to) ten.) zählen

2) (to calculate using numbers: Count (up) the number of pages; Count how many people there are; There were six people present, not counting the chairman.) zählen

3) (to be important or have an effect or value: What he says doesn't count; All these essays count towards my final mark.) zählen

4) (to consider: Count yourself lucky to be here.) schätzen
2. noun
1) (an act of numbering: They took a count of how many people attended.) die Zählung

2) (a charge brought against a prisoner etc: She faces three counts of theft.) der Anklagepunkt
3. adjective
(see countable.)

- countable

- counter

- countless
- countdown
- count on
- out for the count
* * *

count¹

[kaʊnt]

n Graf m

count²

[kaʊnt]

I. n

1. (totalling up) Zählung f; POL Auszählung f

to keep \count of sth etw genau zählen

to lose \count beim Zählen durcheinanderkommen; ( fig) den Überblick verlieren

on the \count of three/four/ten bei drei/vier/zehn

2. (measured amount) [An]zahl f, Ergebnis nt; SPORT Punktestand m

final \count Endstand m

3. (consideration) Berücksichtigung f

to take [no] \count of sth etw [nicht] berücksichtigen

4. LAW Anklagepunkt m

to be found guilty on two \counts of murder des zweifachen Mordes für schuldig befunden werden

to be found guilty on the first \count [or all \counts] im ersten Anklagepunkt [o in allen [Anklage]punkten] für schuldig befunden werden

5. (point) Punkt m; (reason) Grund m

to agree with sb on all \counts mit jdm in allen Punkten übereinstimmen

to be angry with sb on several \counts auf jdn aus mehreren Gründen zornig sein

to fail on a number of \counts in einer Reihe von Punkten versagen

6.

▶ to be out for the \count BOXING ausgezählt werden; ( fig) k. o. sein fam

II. vt

1. (number)

▪ to \count sth etw zählen

there'll be eight for dinner \counting ourselves uns mitgerechnet sind wir acht zum Abendessen

I could \count the number of times he's been on time on the fingers of one hand ich könnte die paar Mal, die er pünktlich war, an den Fingern einer Hand abzählen

to \count one's change sein Wechselgeld nachzählen

to \count heads [or AM also noses] abzählen

▪ to \count sb/sth among sth jdn/etw zu etw dat zählen; ECON, FIN (include) etw [mit]rechnen [o [mit]zählen

2. (consider)

to \count sb as a friend jdn als Freund betrachten [o zu seinen Freunden zählen]

to \count sth a success/failure etw als Erfolg/Misserfolg verbuchen

to \count oneself lucky [or fortunate] sich akk glücklich schätzen

to \count oneself unhappy [or unfortunate] sich akk für unglücklich halten

▪ to \count sth against sb jdm etw verübeln

3.

▶ to \count one's blessings dankbar sein

▶ don't \count your chickens before they're hatched ( prov) man soll den Tag nicht vor dem Abend loben prov

▶ to \count the cost[s] [of sth] (consider effects) die Folgen [einer S. gen] bedenken; (suffer) [etw] bereuen

III. vi

1. (number) zählen

2. (be considered)

that has always \counted among my favourite operas das hat schon immer zu meinen Lieblingsopern gezählt

▪ to \count against sb gegen jdn sprechen

▪ to be \counted as sth als etw gelten

3. (be of value) zählen, wichtig sein

that's what \counts darauf kommt es an

this essay will count towards your final degree dieser Aufsatz geht in die Berechnung Ihrer Endnote ein

▪ to not \count nicht zählen

his opinion doesn't \count for anything here seine Meinung zählt hier nicht

* * *
I [kaʊnt]
1. n

1) (with numbers) Zählung f; (SPORT) Auszählen nt; (of votes) (Stimmen)zählung f, (Stimmen)auszählung f

I'll have a count — ich zähle es mal (ab)

she lost count when she was interrupted — sie kam mit dem Zählen durcheinander, als sie unterbrochen wurde

I've lost all count of her boyfriends — ich habe die Übersicht über ihre Freunde vollkommen verloren

to keep count (of sth) — (etw) mitzählen

she couldn't keep count of them — sie verlor die Übersicht

at the last count there were twenty members — bei der letzten Zählung waren es zwanzig Mitglieder

all together now, on the count of three — und jetzt alle zusammen, bei drei gehts los

I'll come and look for you after a count of ten — ich zähle bis zehn und dann komme und suche ich dich

he was out for the count, he took the count (fig) —

he took a count of eight (Sport) — er ging bis acht zu Boden

2) (JUR: charge) Anklagepunkt m

on that count (fig) — in dem Punkt

you're wrong on both counts — Sie haben in beiden Punkten unrecht

on all counts — in jeder Hinsicht

3) no pl

(= notice) don't take any count of what he says — hören Sie nicht auf das, was er sagt

she never takes much/any count of him — sie nimmt wenig/keine Notiz von ihm

2. vt

1) (with numbers) (ab)zählen; (= count again) nachzählen; votes (aus)zählen

to count ten — bis zehn zählen

I only counted ten people — ich habe nur zehn Leute gezählt

to count the cost (lit) — auf die Kosten achten, jeden Pfennig umdrehen

she'll help anyone without counting the cost to herself — sie hilft jedem, ohne an sich selbst zu denken

2) (= consider) ansehen, betrachten; (= include) mitrechnen, mitzählen

to count sb (as) a friend/among one's friends — jdn als Freund ansehen/zu seinen Freunden zählen

you should count yourself lucky to be alive — Sie sollten froh und glücklich sein or Sie können noch von Glück sagen, dass Sie noch leben

ten people (not) counting the children — zehn Leute, die Kinder (nicht) mitgerechnet or eingerechnet

to count sth against sb — etw gegen jdn anrechnen

3. vi

1) (with numbers) zählen

to count to ten — bis zehn zählen

counting from today — von heute an (gerechnet)

2) (= be considered) betrachtet or angesehen werden; (= be included) mitgerechnet or mitgezählt werden; (= be important) wichtig sein

the children don't count — die Kinder zählen nicht

he doesn't count amongst her friends — er zählt nicht zu ihren Freunden

that doesn't count — das zählt nicht

every minute/it all counts —

appearance counts a lot — es kommt sehr auf die äußere Erscheinung an

to count against sb — gegen jdn sprechen
II
n
Graf m
* * *

count¹ [kaʊnt]

A s

1. Zählen n, (Be)Rechnung f, (Auf-, Aus-, Ab)Zählung f:

at the latest count bei der letzten Zählung;

by this count nach dieser Zählung oder Berechnung;

count of the ballots Stimmenzählung;

keep count of sth

a) etwas genau zählen,

b) fig die Übersicht über etwas behalten;

lose count

a) sich verzählen,

b) fig die Übersicht verlieren (of über akk):

he has lost count of his books er kann seine Bücher schon nicht mehr zählen;

make ( oder do) a count (of sth) (etwas) (nach)zählen;

take count of sth etwas zählen

2. Boxen:

a) Auszählen n

b) Anzählen n:

take the count, be out for the count ausgezählt werden;

take a count of eight bis acht am Boden bleiben oder angezählt werden;

take ( oder be given) a standing count stehend angezählt werden;

beat the count rechtzeitig hochkommen;

he got up on the count of five er stand bei fünf auf

3. An-, Endzahl f, Ergebnis n

4. JUR (An)Klagepunkt m:

the accused was found guilty on all counts der Angeklagte wurde in allen Anklagepunkten für schuldig befunden;

on this count fig in dieser Hinsicht, in diesem Punkt

5. Berücksichtigung f:

leave out of count unberücksichtigt oder außer Acht lassen;

take no count of sth etwas nicht berücksichtigen oder zählen

6. SPORT etc Punktzahl f, (erzielte) Punkte pl

7. TECH Zähleranzeige f, -stand m

8. TECH (Feinheits)Nummer f (von Garn)

9. → count-out

B v/t

1. (ab-, auf-, aus-, zusammen)zählen:

count again nachzählen;

count one’s change sein Wechselgeld nachzählen;

you can count them on your fingers (on the fingers of one hand) man kann sie an den Fingern (an den Fingern einer Hand) abzählen; → penny 1, sheep 1

2. aus-, berechnen:

count the cost

a) die Kosten berechnen,

b) fig die Folgen bedenken,

c) fig die Risiken erwägen

3. US zählen bis:

count ten

4. (mit)zählen, mit einrechnen, einschließen, berücksichtigen:

without ( oder not) counting ohne … mitzurechnen, abgesehen von;

(not) counting the persons present die Anwesenden (nicht) mitgerechnet

5. halten für, betrachten als, zählen ( among zu):

count sb one’s enemy jemanden für seinen Feind halten;

count sb among one’s best friends jemanden zu seinen besten Freunden zählen oder rechnen;

count o.s. lucky ( oder fortunate) sich glücklich schätzen;

you may count yourself lucky that … du kannst von Glück reden, dass …;

count sth for ( oder as) lost etwas als verloren betrachten oder abschreiben;

count of no importance für unwichtig halten;

count it a great hono(u)r es als große Ehre betrachten

C v/i

1. zählen:

count again nachzählen;

count (up) to ten bis 10 zählen;

he counts among my friends fig er zählt zu meinen Freunden

2. rechnen:

counting from today von heute an (gerechnet)

3. (on, upon) zählen, sich verlassen (auf akk), sicher rechnen (mit), bauen auf (akk):

I count on your being in time ich verlasse mich darauf, dass Sie pünktlich sind

4. zählen:

a) von Wert oder Gewicht sein, ins Gewicht fallen

b) gelten:

every minute counts jede Minute zählt, es kommt auf jede Minute an;

this does not count das zählt oder gilt nicht, das ist ohne Belang, das fällt nicht ins Gewicht;

he simply doesn’t count er zählt überhaupt nicht;

count for much viel gelten oder wert sein, große Bedeutung haben;

count against sprechen gegen; sich nachteilig auswirken auf (akk)

5. zählen, sich belaufen auf (akk):

they counted ten sie waren zehn an der Zahl

count² [kaʊnt] s Graf m (nicht brit. außer in): → count palatine

* * *
I 1. noun
1) Zählen, das; Zählung, die

keep count [of something] — [etwas] zählen

lose count — beim Zählen durcheinander geraten

lose count of something — etwas gar nicht mehr zählen können

have/take/make a count — zählen

on the count of three — bei "drei"

2) (Law) Anklagepunkt, der

on that count — (fig.) in diesem Punkt

3) (Boxing) Auszählen, das

be out for the count — ausgezählt werden; (fig.) hinüber sein (ugs.)
2. transitive verb
1) zählen

count ten — bis zehn zählen

count the votes — die Stimmen [aus]zählen

count again — nachzählen

count the pennies — (fig.) jeden Pfennig umdrehen

count the cost — (fig.) unter den Folgen zu leiden haben

2) (include) mitzählen

be counted against somebody — gegen jemanden sprechen

not counting — abgesehen von; see also nothing 1. 1)

3) (consider) halten für

count oneself lucky — sich glücklich schätzen können
3. intransitive verb
1) zählen

count [up] to ten — bis zehn zählen

counting from now — von jetzt an [gerechnet]; ab jetzt

2) (be included) zählen

every moment counts — jede Sekunde zählt

count against somebody — gegen jemanden sprechen

count for much/little — viel/wenig zählen

Phrasal Verbs:

- count in

- count on

- count out

- count up

- count upon
II noun
(nobleman) Graf, der

* * *

n.

Anzahl - f.

Graf -en m.

Zählung -en f. (on) v.

rechnen (mit) v.

zählen v. v.

abzählen v.

gelten v.

(§ p.,pp.: galt, gegolten)

rechnen v.

zählen v.

English-german dictionary > count
11 price

1. сущ.
1) эк. цена (денежное выражение стоимости товара, т. е. количество денежных единиц, которое должно быть уплачено за единицу товара; термин также может относиться к количеству другого товара, которое необходимо отдать в обмен на данный товар)

ATTRIBUTES: actual 1. 1), adjustable 1. 2), adjusted 1. 1), administered 1. 1), 1. 2), arm's length, base 3. 2), base period, basic 3. 5), best 2. 5), budget 3. 2), n1&g1n1а clean 1. 1), comparable, competitive 1. 1), &2а current 1. 2), depressed 1. 2), а dirty 1. 1), discount 1. 1), а domestic 1. 2) а), dutiable, duty-paid, fair 2. 5), n1 final 1. 2), firm II 1. 1) б), fixed II 1. 4) б), flat 2. 5), n2&g2n4 flexible 1. 2), б full 1. 2), going, graduated 1. 2), gross II 1. 3) а), internal II 1. 2) а), negotiable 1. 2), negotiated, net 3. 2), n1а nominal II 1. 3) а), original 2. 5), n1 pegged 1. 2), planned, premium 2. 5), n2&g1n3б present I 2. 2) а), published, quoted I 2. 2) а), I 2. 3) а), I 2. 4) а), reasonable 1. 2), regular 1. 1), set 2. 5), n1 special I 1. 6) а), standard 2. 5), n2 stated 1. 1), target 3. 2), threshold, total 2. 5), n4 usual, variable II 1. 2) а), advertise 1. 1), discount 2. 5), n1 suggest 1. 1)

aggregate price — совокупная [суммарная, общая, итоговая\] цена

Option is the right to buy or sell a specified quantity of a security at an agreed price. — Опцион — это право купить или продать определенное количество ценных бумаг по согласованной цене.

average price — средняя цена

consumer-friendly [customer-friendly, user-friendly\] price — цена, приемлемая для потребителя [клиента, пользователя\]*; цена, дружественная к потребителю [клиенту, пользователю\]*

equitable price — справедливая цена

estimated price — ориентировочная [предполагаемая\] цена

expected price — ожидаемая цена

It's a fabulous wine at a fabulous price! — Это замечательное вино по сказочной цене!

The price was fabulous and so was the room and continental breakfast. — Цена была просто сказочной, так же как и комната, и континентальный завтрак.

famine prices — недоступные цены; дороговизна ( как при товарном голоде)

give-away price — бросовая цена, крайне низкая цена

all-time high prices — небывало высокие цены

honest price — честная цена, справедливая цена

inflated consumer prices — вздутые цены на потребительские товары

low price — низкая цена

maximum price — максимальная цена

marked-up price — повышенная цена

moderate price — умеренная цена

normal price — нормальная цена

popular price — (обще)доступная цена

prevailing price — преобладающая [господствующая\] цена

reduced price — сниженная [пониженная\] цена

remunerative price — выгодная [прибыльная\] цена; цена, дающая [обеспечивающая\] прибыль; цена, обеспечивающая получение прибыли

runaway prices — быстро растущие цены

sagging price — умеренно снижающаяся цена

sky-rocketing prices — стремительно растущие цены

stable [steady, stationary\] prices — стабильные цены

strong prices — устойчивые цены

top price — высшая [максимальная, потолочная\] цена

undiscounted price — цена без скидки

Prices are exclusive of VAT. — Цены не включают НДС.

VAT inclusive price, price inclusive of VAT — цена с НДС, цена с учетом НДС; цена, включая НДС

Prices shown are VAT inclusive. — Указанные цены включают НДС.

GST inclusive price, price inclusive of GST — австр., новозел. цена, включая налог на товары и услуги*; цена с учетом налога на товары и услуги*; цена с налогом на товары и услуги*

dollar price, price in dollars — цена в долларах

sterling price — цена в фунтах стерлингов

The real price in silver is only $0.229 a gallon. — Реальная цена в серебре составляет всего лишь $0.229 за галлон.

crude oil price ( COP) — цена на сырую нефть

Farmland prices are continuing to rise, but it's not so much due to farmers trying to outbid one another. — Цены на сельскохозяйственную землю продолжают расти, но это не так уж зависит от фермеров, старающихся перебить цены друг друга.

farm real estate prices — цены на сельскохозяйственную недвижимость

member price — цена для членов/участников

COMBS:

across-the-board price increase — тотальное повышение цен

price decline, reduction in price(s), fall in price(s), decline in price(s), price decrease, decrease in price(s), downturn in price(s), price downturn, drop in price(s), drop of price(s), dip in price(s) — снижение [падение\] цен(ы)

jump [bounce\] in prices — скачок цен, резкое повышение цен

price negotiation — переговоры о ценах

price velocity — скорость изменения цен

agricultural product prices, farm product prices — цены на сельскохозяйственную продукцию

price per gallon, per gallon price — цена за галлон

price per package — цена за упаковку

at a price of $1 per copy — по цене (в) 1 долл. за экземпляр

price per person — цена на (одного) человека, цена с человека

for half price — за половинную цену, за полцены

for a quarter of the price — за четверть цены

at current [present, going\] prices — по текущим ценам

at a greatly reduced price — по значительно сниженной цене, с большой скидкой

at any price — по любой цене

to sell (smth.) at a discount price — продавать (что-л.) со скидкой [с дисконтом\]

to sell at a sacrifice price — продавать по убыточной цене, продавать себе в убыток

to buy (smth.) at a premium price — покупать (что-л.) с премией [с надбавкой, по более высокой цене\]

at a price below $55 — по цене ниже $55

U.S. companies with a stock price above $500 — американские компании с ценами акций, превышающими $500

The base price under the contract is $21 per unit. — Базовая цена по контракту [в соответствии с контрактом\] составляет $21 за единицу.

Price before discount is $32.95. — Цена до скидки составляет $32.95.

The purchase price after discount is $51000. — Покупная цена после скидки — $51000.

to charge a price for goods or services — назначать цену на товары или услуги

to put a price on smth. — назначать цену за что-л., оценить что-л.

to make a price — объявлять цену, назначать цену

to bid a price — предлагать цену

to arrive at a price — устанавливать цену, определять цену; договариваться о цене

to bargain on [about\] a price — торговаться о цене, торговаться из-за цены

to alter prices without notice — менять цены без уведомления

to knock $1 off price — сбавлять [снижать\] цену на $1, делать скидку с цены на $1

to bring down [to cut, to lower, to reduce, to slash, to roll back, to shave, to undercut, to scale down, to force down, to put down, to send down, to squeeze down, to mark down\] prices, to send prices down, to put prices down, to ease prices — понижать [снижать, срезать\] цены

to hike [to increase, to mark up, to raise, to enhance, to bump up, to boost\] prices; to bid up prices, to push up prices, to force up prices, to send prices up, to send up prices — повышать цены; вздувать [взвинчивать\] цены

Natural gas, in particular, has increased in price during the past year. — В частности, за прошлый год подорожал природный газ.

to go down in price, to decrease in price, to fall in price, to decline in price, to sink in price, to drop in price — понижаться в цене, дешеветь

to keep to the price — придерживаться (какой-л.) цены

We will do our very best to keep the price as low as possible. — Мы приложим все усилия, чтобы сохранить цену на как можно более низком уровне.

to keep down prices, to keep prices down — не допускать повышения цен

to gripe about prices — выражать недовольство по поводу (высоких) цен, жаловаться на (высокие) цены

to administer prices, to regulate prices — регулировать цены

to control prices — регулировать [контролировать\] цены

prices ranged between and — цены колебались в пределах от до

prices eased [dropped, dipped\] — цены снизились [упали\]

prices tend downward(s)/upward(s) — цены имеют тенденцию к понижению/повышению

Prices closed firm yesterday. — Вчера цены окрепли к закрытию.

Gold prices closed down $3.80 to $554.60/oz. — Цены золота закрылись с понижением на $3,80, сократившись до уровня в $554,60 за унцию.

The price works out to [at\] $29. — Цена составляет 29 долларов.

See:

absolute price, accounting price, acquisition price, actual price, adjustable price, adjusted price, administered price, admission price, advertised price, advertising price, after-hours price, agricultural price, all-in price, all-inclusive price, arbitrage price, arbitrage-free price, arm's length price, ask price, asked price, asking price, auction price, bargain price, bargain sale price, bargained price, base period price, base price, base-point price, basic price, basing-point price, basis price, best price, bid price, bond price, book price, border price, bride price, brideprice, budget price, budget-conscious price, budget-friendly price, budget-pleasing price, buy price, buyback price, buyer's price, buying price, C&F price, call price, cancellation price, cartel price, cash price, catalogue price, ceiling price, CFR price, CIF price, CIP price, clean price, close price, closing price, comparable prices, competitive price, consumer price, contract price, conversion price, cost and freight price, cost price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price а), б), cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, 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insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, 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insurance, freight price 1. 3) а), cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), cost, insurance, freight price 1. 3) а), а cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), а cost, insurance, freight price 1. 1) а), б cost, insurance, freight price 1. 3) а) cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price, cost, insurance, freight price 2., cost, insurance, freight price

2) общ. цена, жертва, плата

ATTRIBUTES:

price paid — уплаченная цена

at any price — любой ценой, во что бы то ни стало

peace at any price — мир любой ценой

not at any price — ни за что; ни при каких обстоятельствах

to pay the price — расплачиваться, уплатить цену

to pay a high price for freedom — дорого платить за свободу

These individuals are often willing to pay the price for success by investing time, energy, and even money into developing their success. — Эти люди часто готовы платить за успех, вкладывая свое время, силы и даже деньги в достижение этого успеха.

We all have to pay a high price for freedom. — Мы все вынуждены дорого платить за свободу.

The price of progress was paid with the blood of the American Indian. — За прогресс было заплачено кровью американских индейцев.

Syn:

worth 1. 2), value 1. 2)

3) общ. ценность

above [beyond, without\] price — бесценный

See:

unpriced 2)
2. гл.
1) эк. назначать цену, оценивать (определять, по какой цене должен продаваться данный товар или услуга); указывать цену ( на товаре)

the seller priced the house at $359000 — продавец оценил дом в $359000

to be priced at $10 — быть оцененным в $10

The book is priced at $30.00 plus shipping and handling of $5.00. — Книга оценена в 30 долл. плюс затраты на погрузку и перевозку в размере 5 долл.

See:

misprice, overprice 1., preprice, price out 1., price-conscious, priced, pricer, pricing, reprice, underprice 1., unpriced

2) эк. узнавать цену, прицениваться

you can price the different models and compare features — вы можете прицениться к разным моделям и сравнить характеристики

I did make the usual trip to the local home improvement store and priced the different models. — Я все-таки посетил местный магазин бытовых товаров и приценился к различным моделям.

* * *
abbrev.: PX price цена; стоимость; курс.
* * *

• /vt/ оценивать

• 1) цена; 2) /stock exchange/ курс; 3) ценовой

* * *

цена
. . Словарь экономических терминов .
* * *

Бухгалтерия и аудит

цена

сумма, которую следует уплатить при приобретении товара или услуги; обычно имеет денежное выражение

-----

Коммерческая деятельность

цена

денежное выражение обязательства произвести платеж за проданную продукцию, выполненные работы или оказанные услуги

Англо-русский экономический словарь > price
12 near cash

!

гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

Introduction

This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.

Principles of the framework

The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:
"
consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;
" "
the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;
" "
strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and
"
the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.

The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:
"
the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and
"
the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.

Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.

Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)

The framework for public expenditure is divided between
"
Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and
"
Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.

More information about DEL and AME is set out below.

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Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL)

In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.

To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.

Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.

Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.

There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.

Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME)

AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.

AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.

AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.

Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.

Total Managed Expenditure

Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.

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Resource Accounting and Budgeting ( RAB)

Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets.
"
Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest.
"
Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:
"
Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and
"
Administration Budgets (see below)

Administration Budgets

The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.

Spending Reviews

The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.

The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.

Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.

The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:
"
provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;
" "
enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;
" "
introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and
"
not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.

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Comprehensive Spending Review 2007

To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.

A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:
"
an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;
" "
an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;
" "
to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with
"
further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.

The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.

Obtaining good performance

Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.

The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.

Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.

Departmental Investment Strategies (DISs)

To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.

This document was updated on 19 December 2005.

Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money

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"
GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money
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GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money

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GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.

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64Managing Public Money

Англо-русский экономический словарь > near cash
13 so

səu
1. adverb
1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) tan, tanto

2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) así

3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) eso

4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) también

5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') así es, en efecto

2. conjunction
((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) así que, por lo tanto, de manera que

- so-called
- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak

so¹ adv

1. tan

the exam was so difficult that nobody passed el examen fue tan difícil que no aprobó nadie

2. así

Look, that's Bill So it is mira, allí está Bill Así es

I know because Gary told me so lo sé porque me lo dijo Gary

3. que sí / que no

I think so creo que sí

I don't suppose so supongo que no

4. también

I went, and so did Pete yo fui, y Pete también

I like dancing So do I me gusta bailar A mí también

if so de ser así

or so más o menos

the journey takes an hour or so el viaje dura más o menos una hora

so far hasta ahora

I've read 20 pages so far hasta ahora he leído 20 páginas

so long! ¡hasta luego!

so many tantos

so much tanto

so² conj así que

you broke it, so you have to pay for it lo has roto tú, así que tendrás que pagarlo

so we're not going on holiday? ¿así que no nos vamos de vacaciones?

so that para que

we got up early so that we could go skiing madrugamos para poder ir a esquiar

so what? ¿y qué?

Multiple Entries: SO so
so 1 m fam pey ¡so burro!, you great oaf!
so 2 prep (bajo) under
so pena de, under penalty of
so pretexto/color de, under the guise of 'so' also found in these entries: Spanish: abalanzarse - abarcar - abotargada - abotargado - abur - acalorarse - agujetas - ahí - ahora - alma - amabilidad - amable - aquello - así - atonía - aun - avisar - bala - balbucear - bondad - cabezota - casualidad - celebrar - cerrarse - comecome - como - compensar - con - conque - cortante - creer - decir - decoración - deformación - dejarse - delito - denominada - denominado - desairar - disponer - dosificar - embalarse - embrutecerse - emoción - empañar - encoger - escacharrar - escrupulosa - escrupuloso - esperar English: afraid - allowance - aloud - and - anything - as - ask back - attain - awkward - be - believe - better - blunder - bored - bull - bumpy - busy - calculating - careless - change over - cheap - cheese off - clingy - come round - conceited - condescending - congenial - courteous - critical - damn - do - domineering - dreary - enunciate - even - far - fix - flag - forecast - forgetful - forth - forward - glaringly - gratifying - grieve - grouchy - grunt - gullible - gulp - happen

so

tr[səʊ]

conjunction

1 (therefore) así que, por lo tanto, de manera que

■ she was tired, so she went to bed estaba cansada, así que se fue a la cama

2 (to express purpose) para, para que

■ speak up so that everyone can hear habla fuerte para que todos te oigan

■ he took off his shoes so as not to make any noise se quitó los zapatos para no hacer ruido

adverb

1 (introductory) así que, pues, bueno

■ so you've decided to come así que has decidido venir

■ so I made a mistake! what about it? ¡pues me he equivocado! ¿y qué?

■ so, what now? bueno, ¿ahora qué?

2 (very - before adj or adv) tan; (- before noun or with verb) tanto,-a

■ she's so bored está tan aburrida

■ it's so cold hace tanto frío

■ don't drive so fast no vayas tan rápido, no corras tanto

■ he was so hungry that he ate the lot tenía tanta hambre que se lo comió todo

■ he isn't so clever as he looks no es tan listo como parece

3 (unspecified number or amount, limit) tanto,-a

■ I can only do so much no puedo hacer más

■ it'll take a month or so tardará un mes más o menos, tardará un mes o así

■ why don't you say that you earn so much? ¿por qué no dices que ganas tanto?

■ so much noise/food tanto ruido/tanta comida

■ so many boys/girls tantos niños/tantas niñas

4 (thus, in this way) así, de esta manera, de este modo

■ he's about so tall es así de alto

■ cut the fish, like so corta el pescado así

■ of all the stupid people I know, no-one is more so than you de todas las personas estúpidas que conozco, no hay ninguna como tú

5 (to avoid repetition) que sí

■ I think/hope so creo/espero que sí

■ I'm afraid so me temo que sí

■ I told you so ya te lo dije

■ and quite rightly so y con mucha razón

■ if so en este caso, de ser así

6 (to express agreement, also) también

■ so am I/so do I/so can I/so have I yo también

■ it's snowing - so it is está nevando - así es

■ so I see ya veo

■ so it seems así parece

adjective

1 (factual, true) así

■ it can't be so no puede ser

■ that just isn't so eso no es verdad

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and so on (and so forth) y así sucesivamente, etcétera

just so / exactly so perfecto, en orden

so be it así sea

so long! ¡hasta luego!, ¡hasta pronto!

so much for something

■ so much for new technology! ¡vaya nueva tecnología!

■ so much for your advice! ¡vaya consejo que me diste!

so there! ¡ea!, ¡para que sepas!

so what? ¿y qué?

so ['so:] adv

1) (referring to something indicated or suggested)

do you think so?: ¿tú crees?

so it would seem: eso parece

I told her so: se lo dije

he's ready, or so he says: según dice, está listo

it so happened that...: resultó que...

do it like so: hazlo así

so be it: así sea

2) also: también

so do I: yo también

3) thus: así, de esta manera

4) : tan

he'd never been so happy: nunca había estado tan contento

5) consequently: por lo tanto

so conj

1) therefore: así que

2) or so that : para que, así que, de manera que

3)

so what? : ¿y qué?

so

adv.

• así adv.

• por consiguiente adv.

• por tanto adv.

• tal adv.

• también adv.

• tan adv.

• tanto adv.

conj.

• así que conj.

interj.

• îverdad... interj.

I səʊ
adverb

1)

a) ( very) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

he did it so quickly — lo hizo tan rápido

you're so right — tienes tanta razón

I'm so glad to meet you — me alegro tanto de conocerte

there's so much work to do — hay tanto (trabajo) que hacer

thank you so much — muchísimas gracias

b) ( as much as that) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

why are you so stubborn? — ¿por qué eres tan terco?

c) (in comparisons)

not so... as: we've never been so busy as we are now nunca hemos estado tan ocupados como ahora; it's not so much a hobby as an obsession — no es tanto un hobby como una obsesión

2)

a) (up to a certain point, limit)

I can only eat so fast — no puedo comer más rápido

we can admit just so many and no more — sólo podemos dejar entrar a equis cantidad de gente y no más

b) ( unspecified amount)

they charge us so much a day — nos cobran tanto por día

c) ( the amount indicated)

the fish was so long — el pescado era así de largo

d)

or so — más o menos

we'll need 20 or so chairs — nos harán falta unas 20 sillas (más o menos)

3) ( with clauses of result or purpose)

so... (that) — tan... que

he was so rude (that) she slapped him — fue tan grosero, que le dio una bofetada

he so hated the job, he left — odiaba tanto el trabajo, que lo dejó

so... as to + inf: I'm not so stupid as to believe him no soy tan tonta como para creerle; would you be so kind as to explain this to me? — (frml) ¿tendría la gentileza de explicarme esto?

4)

a) (thus, in this way)

the street was so named because... — se le puso ese nombre a la calle porque...

if you feel so inclined — si tienes ganas, si te apetece (esp Esp)

hold the bat like so — agarra el bate así or de esta manera

b) ( as stated) así

that is so — (frml) así es

I know quite a bit about that - is that so? — yo sé bastante de eso - no me digas!

not so — no es cierto, no es así

if so, they're lying — si es así or de ser así, están mintiendo

c) ( as desired)

everything has to be just so — todo tiene que estar justamente como ella (or él etc) quiere

d)

and so on o and so forth — etcétera

5)

a) (replacing clause, phrase, word)

he thinks she's gifted and I think so too — él cree que tiene talento y yo también or y yo opino lo mismo

is he coming tomorrow? - it seems so — ¿viene mañana? - así or eso parece

will he be pleased? - I expect so — ¿estará contento? - me imagino que sí

I got a bit dirty - so I see — me ensucié un poco - sí, ya veo

I told you so — ¿no te lo dije?

is she interested? - very much so — ¿le interesa? - sí, y mucho

b) ( contradicting) (used esp by children)

she wasn't there - she was so! — no estaba allí - sí que estaba!

6) (with v aux)

a) (also, equally)

Peter agrees and so does Bill — Peter está de acuerdo y Bill también

b) ( indeed)

you promised - so I did! — lo prometiste - es verdad! or tienes razón!

7)

a) ( indicating pause or transition) bueno

so here we are again — bueno, aquí estamos otra vez

b) ( introducing new topic)

so what's new with you? — y ¿qué hay or qué cuentas de nuevo?

c) (querying, eliciting information)

so now what do we do? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

d) (summarizing, concluding) así que

so now you know — así que ya sabes

e) ( expressing surprised reaction) así que, conque

so that's what he's after! — así que or conque eso es lo que quiere!

f) ( challenging)

but she's not a Catholic - so? — pero no es católica - ¿y qué (hay)?

so what? — ¿y qué?

II

conjunction

1) (in clauses of purpose or result)

a)

so (that): she said it slowly, so (that) we'd all understand lo dijo despacio, para que or de manera que todos entendiéramos; she said it slowly, so (that) we all understood lo dijo despacio, así que or de manera que todos entendimos; not so (as) you'd notice (colloq): has he cleaned in here? - not so as you'd notice — ¿ha limpiado aquí? - pues si ha limpiado, no lo parece

b)

so as to + inf — para + inf

they set off early so as to get good seats — salieron temprano para conseguir buenas localidades

2) (therefore, consequently) así que, de manera que

he wasn't at home, so I called again — no estaba en casa, así que or de manera que volví a llamar más tarde

so there! — para que sepas!

III

noun ( Mus) sol m

I [sǝʊ]
1. ADV

1) (=to such an extent)

a) (with adj/adv) tan

I'm so worried — estoy tan preocupado

it is so big that... — es tan grande que...

he was talking so fast I couldn't understand — hablaba tan rápido que no lo entendía

I wish you weren't so clumsy — ¡ojalá no fueras tan patoso!

it was so heavy! — ¡pesaba tanto!

"how's your father?" - "not so good" — -¿cómo está tu padre? -no muy bien

• it's about so high/long — es más o menos así de alto/largo

• she's not so clever as him — no es tan lista como él

he's not so silly as to do that — no es bastante tonto para hacer eso, no es tan tonto como para hacer eso

• so many — tantos/as

we don't need so many — no necesitamos tantos

I haven't got so many pairs of shoes as you — no tengo tantos pares de zapatos como tú

• so much — tanto/a

we spent so much — gastamos tanto

I haven't got so much energy as you — no tengo tanta energía como tú

I've got so much to do — tengo tantísimo que hacer

thank you so much — muchísimas gracias, muy agradecido

• it's not so very difficult — no es tan difícil
kind, sure etc
b) (with vb) tanto

I love you so — te quiero tanto

he who so loved Spain — liter él que amó tanto a España

2) (=thus, in this way, likewise) así, de esta manera, de este modo

so it was that... — así fue que..., de esta manera or de este modo fue como...

it is so — es así

we so arranged things that... — lo arreglamos de modo que...

so it is!, so it does! — ¡es verdad!, ¡es cierto!, ¡correcto!

is that so? — ¿de veras?

isn't that so? — ¿no es así?

that's so — eso es

that's not so — no es así

• so be it — así sea

• and he did so — y lo hizo

• do so then! — ¡hazlo, pues!

• by so doing — haciéndolo así

• I expect so — supongo que sí, a lo mejor

• so far — hasta aquí or ahora

• and so forth — y así sucesivamente, etcétera

• it so happens that... — resulta que..., el caso es que...

• I hope so — eso espero yo, espero que sí

• how so? — ¿cómo es eso?

• if so — en este caso, en cuyo caso

• just so! — ¡eso!, ¡eso es!

he likes things just so — le gusta que todo esté en su lugar

• you do it like so * — se hace así, se hace de esta manera

• only more so — pero en mayor grado

• so much so that... — hasta tal punto or grado que..., tanto es así que...

• not so! — ¡nada de eso!

• and so on — y así sucesivamente, etcétera

• so saying he walked away — dicho eso, se marchó

• so he says — eso dice él

• so to speak — por decirlo así

• I think so — creo que sí

I thought so — me lo figuraba or suponía

• I told you so — ya te lo dije

• why so? — ¿por qué?, ¿cómo?

3) (=also)

• he's wrong and so are you — se equivocan tanto usted como él

• so do I — (y) yo también

"I work a lot" - "so do I" — -trabajo mucho -(y) yo también

"I love horses" - "so do I" — -me encantan los caballos -a mí también

• "I've been waiting for ages!" - "so have we" — -¡llevo esperando un siglo! -(y) nosotros también

• so would I — yo también

4) (phrases)

• so long! * — ¡adiós!, ¡hasta luego!

• so much the better/worse — tanto mejor/peor

she didn't so much as send me a birthday card — no me mandó ni una tarjeta siquiera para mi cumpleaños

I haven't so much as a penny — no tengo ni un peso

she gave me back the book without so much as an apology — me devolvió el libro sin pedirme siquiera una disculpa

so much for her promises! — ¡eso valen sus promesas!

• ten or so — unos diez, diez más o menos

ten or so people — unas diez personas, diez personas o así or más o menos

at five o'clock or so — a las cinco o así or o por ahí or más o menos

2. CONJ

1) (expressing purpose) para

he took her upstairs so they wouldn't be overheard — la subió al piso de arriba para que nadie los oyera

• so as to do sth — para hacer algo, a fin de hacer algo

we hurried so as not to be late — nos dimos prisa para no llegar tarde or a fin de no llegar tarde

• so that — para que + subjun, a fin de que + subjun

I bought it so that you should see it — lo compré para que or a fin de que lo vieras

2) (expressing result) así que, de manera que

he hadn't studied, so he found the exam difficult — no había estudiado, así que or de manera que el examen le resultó difícil

• it rained and so we could not go out — llovió, así que no pudimos salir, llovió y no pudimos salir

• so that — de modo que, de manera que

he stood so that he faced west — se puso de tal modo que or de manera que miraba al oeste, se puso mirando al oeste

3) (=therefore) así que

the shop was closed, so I went home — la tienda estaba cerrada, así que me fui a casa

so you see... — por lo cual, entenderás...

4) (in questions, exclamations) entonces, así que

so you're Spanish? — entonces or así que ¿eres español?

so? * — ¿y?, ¿y qué?

• so that's the reason! — ¡por eso es!

so that's why he stayed home — de allí que se quedó en casa

• so there you are! — ¡ahí estás!

• so what? * — ¿y?, ¿y qué?; see there 1., 6)

II

[sǝʊ]
N (Mus) = soh
* * *

I [səʊ]
adverb

1)

a) ( very) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

he did it so quickly — lo hizo tan rápido

you're so right — tienes tanta razón

I'm so glad to meet you — me alegro tanto de conocerte

there's so much work to do — hay tanto (trabajo) que hacer

thank you so much — muchísimas gracias

b) ( as much as that) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

why are you so stubborn? — ¿por qué eres tan terco?

c) (in comparisons)

not so... as: we've never been so busy as we are now nunca hemos estado tan ocupados como ahora; it's not so much a hobby as an obsession — no es tanto un hobby como una obsesión

2)

a) (up to a certain point, limit)

I can only eat so fast — no puedo comer más rápido

we can admit just so many and no more — sólo podemos dejar entrar a equis cantidad de gente y no más

b) ( unspecified amount)

they charge us so much a day — nos cobran tanto por día

c) ( the amount indicated)

the fish was so long — el pescado era así de largo

d)

or so — más o menos

we'll need 20 or so chairs — nos harán falta unas 20 sillas (más o menos)

3) ( with clauses of result or purpose)

so... (that) — tan... que

he was so rude (that) she slapped him — fue tan grosero, que le dio una bofetada

he so hated the job, he left — odiaba tanto el trabajo, que lo dejó

so... as to + inf: I'm not so stupid as to believe him no soy tan tonta como para creerle; would you be so kind as to explain this to me? — (frml) ¿tendría la gentileza de explicarme esto?

4)

a) (thus, in this way)

the street was so named because... — se le puso ese nombre a la calle porque...

if you feel so inclined — si tienes ganas, si te apetece (esp Esp)

hold the bat like so — agarra el bate así or de esta manera

b) ( as stated) así

that is so — (frml) así es

I know quite a bit about that - is that so? — yo sé bastante de eso - no me digas!

not so — no es cierto, no es así

if so, they're lying — si es así or de ser así, están mintiendo

c) ( as desired)

everything has to be just so — todo tiene que estar justamente como ella (or él etc) quiere

d)

and so on o and so forth — etcétera

5)

a) (replacing clause, phrase, word)

he thinks she's gifted and I think so too — él cree que tiene talento y yo también or y yo opino lo mismo

is he coming tomorrow? - it seems so — ¿viene mañana? - así or eso parece

will he be pleased? - I expect so — ¿estará contento? - me imagino que sí

I got a bit dirty - so I see — me ensucié un poco - sí, ya veo

I told you so — ¿no te lo dije?

is she interested? - very much so — ¿le interesa? - sí, y mucho

b) ( contradicting) (used esp by children)

she wasn't there - she was so! — no estaba allí - sí que estaba!

6) (with v aux)

a) (also, equally)

Peter agrees and so does Bill — Peter está de acuerdo y Bill también

b) ( indeed)

you promised - so I did! — lo prometiste - es verdad! or tienes razón!

7)

a) ( indicating pause or transition) bueno

so here we are again — bueno, aquí estamos otra vez

b) ( introducing new topic)

so what's new with you? — y ¿qué hay or qué cuentas de nuevo?

c) (querying, eliciting information)

so now what do we do? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

d) (summarizing, concluding) así que

so now you know — así que ya sabes

e) ( expressing surprised reaction) así que, conque

so that's what he's after! — así que or conque eso es lo que quiere!

f) ( challenging)

but she's not a Catholic - so? — pero no es católica - ¿y qué (hay)?

so what? — ¿y qué?

II

conjunction

1) (in clauses of purpose or result)

a)

so (that): she said it slowly, so (that) we'd all understand lo dijo despacio, para que or de manera que todos entendiéramos; she said it slowly, so (that) we all understood lo dijo despacio, así que or de manera que todos entendimos; not so (as) you'd notice (colloq): has he cleaned in here? - not so as you'd notice — ¿ha limpiado aquí? - pues si ha limpiado, no lo parece

b)

so as to + inf — para + inf

they set off early so as to get good seats — salieron temprano para conseguir buenas localidades

2) (therefore, consequently) así que, de manera que

he wasn't at home, so I called again — no estaba en casa, así que or de manera que volví a llamar más tarde

so there! — para que sepas!

III

noun ( Mus) sol m

English-spanish dictionary > so
14 be

I [biː] гл., прош. вр. 1 л., 3 л. ед. was, 2 л. ед., мн. were, прич. прош. вр. been
1) быть; быть живым, жить; существовать

I think, therefore I am. — Я мыслю, следовательно, существую.

Tyrants and sycophants have been and are. — Тираны и подхалимы были и есть.

So much that was not is beginning to be. — Так много из того, чего раньше не было, появляется.

Content to be and to be well. — Он доволен, что жив, и что у него всё неплохо.

- be before one's time

Syn:

exist, live

2) происходить, случаться, иметь место

Be it as it may. — Будь как будет.

When is the wedding to be? — Когда будет свадьба?

The flower-show was last week. — На прошлой неделе была выставка цветов.

Syn:

take place, happen, occur

3) занимать (какое-л. место, положение); находиться (где-л.), принимать (какую-л.) позу или позицию

to be at home — находиться дома

I'm sorry, Mr Baker is not at home; can I take a message? — Мистера Бейкера нет дома, что-нибудь передать ему?

Your book is here, under the table. — Да вот твоя книжка, под столом.

You shall be beside me in the church. — Ты будешь стоять рядом со мной в церкви.

The bank is between the shoe shop and the post office. — Банк расположен между почтой и обувным магазином.

The valley where we live is beyond the mountains. — Долина, в которой мы живём, расположена за этими горами.

Is Mary down yet? Her eggs are getting cold. — Разве Мэри ещё не спустилась (к завтраку)? Её яичница остывает.

We must try to be away by 8 o'clock. — Нужно попытаться к 8 часам уже уйти.

There's nobody about, you'd better come back later. — Сейчас никого нет, может быть, вам лучше зайти попозже?

Jim is about somewhere, if you'd like to wait. — Джим где-то поблизости, вы можете подождать.

There's a branch above you - can you reach it? — Над тобой ветка, достанешь до неё?

The captain of a ship is above a seaman. — Звание капитана корабля выше звания матроса.

Jim was abreast of the leading runner for a few minutes but then fell behind. — Сначала Джим бежал наравне с лидером, но потом отстал.

Will you be around this time next year? — Вы приедете сюда на следующий год?

When all your toys are away, I will read you a story. — Я почитаю тебе сказку, если ты уберёшь на место все игрушки.

The hotel is on the upper floors, and the shops are below. — Гостиница расположена на верхних этажах, а магазин - ниже.

The home of a rabbit is usually beneath the ground. — Кролики обычно роют свои норки в земле.

Long skirts will be back next year. — В следующем году в моде снова будут длинные юбки.

So many children are away this week with colds. — На этой неделе многие дети отсутствуют по болезни.

When I returned from the police station, the jewels were back in their box; the thieves must have got frightened and replaced them. — Когда я вернулась домой из полиции, драгоценности снова были в шкатулке. Должно быть, воры испугались и положили их обратно.

Your letters are behind the clock, where I always put them. — Твои письма за часами; там, куда я всегда кладу их.

4) находиться в (каком-л.) состоянии; обладать (каким-л.) качеством

to be afraid — страшиться, бояться, трусить; опасаться

to be amazed / astonished — изумляться, удивляться

to be frightened / startled — пугаться

to be indignant — негодовать, возмущаться; обижаться, сердиться

to be slow / tardy — медлить, мешкать; опаздывать, запаздывать; отставать

to be stuffed — объедаться, переедать

to be fused into a frozen mass — смерзаться

to be remorseful — раскаиваться; сокрушаться; каяться, сожалеть

to be hard at work — усердно работать

to be in a hurry — спешить, торопиться

to be lenient — попустительствовать, потакать, потворствовать

to be mistaken — заблуждаться, ошибаться

to be asleep — спать

to be at an end — заканчиваться, подходить к концу

to be in harmony — гармонировать

My patience is at an end, I can listen to her complaints no longer. — Моё терпение лопнуло, я больше не могу слушать её жалобы.

It's quite dark, it must be after 10 o'clock. — Уже довольно темно, сейчас, должно быть, около 10 часов.

Proposals that have been under deliberation. — Предложения, которые рассматривались.

5) ( have been) побывать (где-л.)

Where have you been? I've just been about the town. — Где ты был? Гулял по городу.

Syn:

go, visit

6) оставаться, пребывать (в каком-л. состоянии); не меняться, продолжать быть, как раньше

Let things be. — Пусть всё будет как есть.

Let me be! — Оставьте меня в покое!

Syn:

remain, continue

7) иметь место ( о совокупности условий), являться

to be oneself — быть самим собой

Being they are Church-men, we may rather suspect... — Имея в виду, что они священники, можно подозревать…

What is your new book about? — О чём ваша новая книга?

8) принадлежать (кому-л.), относиться ( к чему-л); сопровождать, сопутствовать

Well is him that hath (= has) found prudence. — Благо тому, кто стал благоразумен.

Good fortune be with you. — Пусть удача сопутствует тебе.

Syn:

attend, befall, belong

9) (there + личная форма от be) иметься, наличествовать

There is some cheese in the fridge. — В холодильнике есть немного сыра.

There are many problems with her essay. — С её эссе много проблем.

10) в роли связки в составном сказуемом

а) означать, значить; быть эквивалентным чему-л.

To fall was to die. — Упасть означало умереть.

I'll tell you what it is, you must leave. — Я тебе скажу, в чём дело - тебе уходить пора.

State is me. — Государство это я.

Let thinking be reasoning. — Будем считать, что думать значит размышлять.

б) занимать место в ряду; характеризоваться признаками

Only by being man can we know man. — Только будучи людьми мы можем познать человека.

He was of Memphis. — Он был из Мемфиса.

The coat was below fifty dollars! — Пальто стоило меньше пятидесяти долларов!

в) иметь значение, быть значимым

Is it nothing to you? —Это ничего для тебя не значит?

11) (if … were / was to do smth.) если бы … имело место ( сослагательное наклонение)

If I were to propose, would you accept? — Если бы я сделал тебе предложение, ты бы согласилась?

12) (be to do smth.) быть обязанным сделать (что-л.; выражает долженствование)

The president is to arrive at 9.30. — Президент должен приехать в 9.30.

You are not to leave before I say so. — Ты не должен уходить, пока я тебе не разрешу.

I was this morning to buy silk for a nightcap. — Тем утром мне нужно было сходить купить шёлка на ночной колпак.

He is to go home. — Он должен пойти домой.

13) (be + about to do smth.) собираться (сделать что-л.)

He is about to go. — Он собирается уходить.

The water is about to boil. — Вода вот-вот закипит.

Syn:

mean, propose, contemplate

14) ( be about) делать, исполнять; заниматься (чем-л.)

What are you about? I'm about my business. — Чем вы сейчас занимаетесь? У меня свой бизнес.

15) ( be above) быть безупречным, вне подозрений, выше критики

Her action during the fire was above reproach. — Её поведение во время пожара было безупречным.

The chairman's decision is not above criticism. — С решением председателя можно поспорить.

16) ( be after)

а) преследовать (кого-л.)

Why is the dog running so fast? He's after rabbits. — Почему собака так быстро бежит? Она гонится за кроликом.

Quick, hide me, the police are after me! — Спрячь меня скорее, за мной гонится полиция.

б) стараться получить (что-л.)

Jim is after another job. — Джим хочет устроиться на другую работу.

Don't marry him, he's only after your money. — Не выходи за него замуж, ему нужны только твои деньги.

She's been after me for a year to buy her a new coat. — Она целый год приставала ко мне, чтобы ей купили новое пальто.

в) разг. журить, бранить; ругать

She's always after the children for one thing or another. — Она всегда за что-нибудь ругает детей.

17) ( be against)

а) противостоять (кому-л. / чему-л.)

Driving without seat belts may soon be against the law. — Вести машину непристёгнутым скоро может стать нарушением правил.

Father was against (his daughter) marrying young. — Отец был против того, чтобы дочь выходила замуж в юном возрасте.

б) противоречить (чему-л.)

Lying is against my principles. — Ложь противоречит моим жизненным принципам.

18) ( be along) приходить

Jim will be along (to the meeting) in a minute. — Через минуту-другую Джим придёт.

19) ( be at)

а) разг. настроиться на (что-л.)

What would you be at? — Каковы ваши намерения?

Syn:

drive 1. 16)

б) разг. ругать (кого-л.), нападать на (кого-л.), приставать к (кому-л.)

в) осуществлять активно (что-л.), посвятить себя (чему-л.)

Jim has been at his work for hours. — Джим часами сидит за работой.

г) разг. быть популярным, быть модным

You must get your clothes in the King's Road, that's where it's at. — Ты можешь отвезти свою одежду на Кинг Роуд, там её оценят по достоинству.

д) трогать (что-л.) чужое; рыться в (чем-л.)

Who's been at my things again? — Кто опять трогал мои вещи?

Syn:

meddle 2)

е) атаковать (кого-л.)

Our men are ready, sir, all armed and eager to be at the enemy. — Солдаты находятся в боевой готовности, сэр, они все вооружены и жаждут броситься в бой.

ж) приводить к (чему-л.), заканчиваться (чем-л.)

What would he be at? - At her, if she's at leisure. — Ну и чего он достигнет? - Будет рядом с ней, если ей захочется.

What would revolutionising Germany be at? — Что же будет в Германии в случае революции?

20) ( be before) обвиняться, предстать перед (судом, законом)

Peter has been before the court again on a charge of driving while drunk. — Питер снова предстал перед судом за то, что находился за рулём в нетрезвом состоянии.

Syn:

bring 5), go 1. 25)

21) ( be behind) служить причиной, крыться за (чем-л.), стоять за (чем-л.)

What's behind his offer? — Интересно, что заставило его сделать такое предложение?

22) ( be below)

а) быть ниже (нормы, стандартных требований)

I'm disappointed in your work; it is below your usual standard. — Я неприятно удивлён результатами вашей работы, обычно вы справляетесь с заданием гораздо лучше.

б) быть ниже по званию, чину

A captain is below a major. — Капитан по званию ниже, чем майор.

By joining the army late, he found that he was below many men much younger than himself. — Довольно поздно вступив на военную службу, он обнаружил, что многие из тех, кто младше его по возрасту, старше по званию.

23) ( be beneath) быть позорным для (кого-л.); быть ниже (чьго-л.) достоинства

Cheating at cards is beneath me. — Я считаю ниже своего достоинства жульничать при игре в карты.

I should have thought it was beneath you to consider such an offer. — Я должен был догадаться, что вы сочтёте недостойным рассматривать подобные предложения.

24) ( be beyond)

а) выходить за пределы возможного или ожидаемого; не подлежать (чему-л.), выходить за рамки (чего-л.)

to be beyond a joke — переставать быть забавным; становиться слишком серьёзным

be beyond endurance — быть невыносимым

Your continual lateness is now beyond a joke; if you're not on time tomorrow, you will be dismissed. — Ваши постоянные опоздания уже перестали быть просто шуткой; если вы и завтра не придёте вовремя, мы вынуждены будем вас уволить.

Your rudeness is beyond endurance - kindly leave my house! — Ваша грубость становится невыносимой, я бы попросил вас покинуть мой дом!

The soldier's brave deed was beyond the call of duty. — Храбрый поступок солдата превосходил обычное представление о долге.

Calling spirits from the dead proved to be beyond the magician's powers. — Вызывать духов умерших людей оказалось за пределами возможностей чародея.

I'm afraid this old piano is now beyond repair so we'd better get rid of it. — Боюсь, что это старое пианино не подлежит ремонту, и лучше было бы избавиться от него.

б) превзойти (что-л.)

The amount of money that I won was beyond all my hopes. — Сумма выигрыша была намного больше того, о чём я мог хотя бы мечтать.

в) = be beyond one's ken быть слишком сложным для (кого-л.); быть выше (чьего-л.) понимания

I'm afraid this book's beyond me; have you an easier one? — Мне кажется, что эта книга слишком сложная для меня; у вас нет чего-нибудь попроще?

It's beyond me which house to choose, they're both so nice! — Я решительно не знаю, какой дом выбрать. Они оба такие красивые!

The details of different kinds of life insurance are quite beyond my ken, so I have to take the advice of professionals. — Вопросы особенностей и различных видов медицинского страхования слишком трудны для моего понимания. Лучше я обращусь к помощи специалистов.

Syn:

get 1. 28)

25) ( be for) поддерживать (кого-л. / что-л.) ; быть "за" (что-л.), защищать (что-л.)

I'm for it. — Я за, я поддерживаю.

You are for the chairman's plan, aren't you? Yes, I'm all for it. — Вы одобряете план, предложенный председателем, не так ли? Да, мне он нравится.

No, I'm for keeping the old methods. — Нет, я приверженец старых методов.

Syn:

support, favour

26) ( be into) разг. быть заинтересованным в (чём-л.)

She doesn't eat meat now, she's really into health food. — Она не ест мяса и увлекается здоровой пищей.

27) ( be off)

а) не посещать (работу, учёбу); закончить (работу, выполнение обязанностей)

Jane was off school all last week with her cold. — Джейн всю прошлую неделю не ходила в школу по болезни.

б) заканчивать принимать ( лекарство)

How soon can mother be off her medicine? — Когда мама закончит принимать своё лекарство?

в) не хотеть, не быть заинтересованным; перестать интересоваться

Jane has been off her food since she caught a cold. — С тех пор, как Джейн простудилась, ей не хотелось есть.

I've been off that kind of music for some time now. — Некоторое время мне не хотелось слушать такую музыку.

28) ( be (up)on)

а) регулярно принимать лекарство

Mother has been on that medicine for months, and it doesn't seem to do her any good. — Мама принимает это лекарство уже несколько месяцев, и кажется, что оно ей совсем не помогает.

I've been on this treatment for some weeks and I must say I do feel better. — Я уже несколько недель принимаю это лекарство и, должен сказать, чувствую себя лучше.

б) делать ставку на (кого-л. / что-л.)

My money's on Sam, is yours? — Я поставил на Сэма, а ты?

Our money's on Northern Dancer to win the third race. — Мы поставили на то, что Северный Танцор выиграет в третьем забеге.

Syn:

stake II 2., wager

в) разг. быть оплаченным (кем-л.)

Put your money away, this meal is on me. — Убери деньги, я заплачу за обед.

29) ( be onto)

а) связаться с (кем-л.; особенно по телефону)

I've been onto the director, but he says he can't help. — Я разговаривал с директором, но он говорит, что не может помочь.

б) разг. постоянно просить (кого-л.) о (чём-л.)

She's been onto me to buy her a new coat for a year. — Она постоянно в течение года просила меня купить ей новое пальто.

в) разг. открывать, обнаруживать (что-л.)

Don't think I haven't been onto your little plan for some time. — Не думай, что я не знал какое-то время о твоём плане.

The police are onto us, we'd better hide. — Полиция знает о нас, уж лучше мы спрячемся.

30) ( be over) тратить много времени на (что-л.); долго заниматься (чем-л.), долго сидеть над (чем-л.)

Will you be long over that report? — Вы потратите много времени на этот доклад?

Don't be all night over finishing your book. — Не сиди всю ночь напролёт, заканчивая свою книгу.

31) ( be past) быть трудным (для понимания, совершения)

It's past me what he means! — Я совершенно не понимаю, что он имеет в виду.

I'll save this book till the children are older; it's a little past them at the moment. — Я приберегу эту книгу до тех пор, пока дети немного повзрослеют. Сейчас она слишком сложна для них.

The old man felt that he was now past going out every day, so he asked some young people to do his shopping. — Пожилой человек почувствовал, что ему становится трудно выходить на улицу каждый день, и он попросил молодых людей покупать ему продукты.

Syn:

get 1. 28)

32) ( be under)

а) подчиняться (кому-л.)

The whole army is under the general's command. — Вся армия находится под командованием генерала.

б) лечиться (у какого-л. врача)

Jane has been under that doctor for three years. — Джейн в течение трёх лет лечилась у этого врача.

в) чувствовать влияние, находиться под влиянием (чего-л.)

When Jim came home singing and shouting, we knew that he was under the influence of drink. — Когда Джим с криками и пением пришёл домой, мы поняли, что он был пьян.

33) ( be with)

а) разг. поддерживать (кого-л.)

We're with you all the way in your fight for equal rights. — Мы от всей души поддерживаем вас в борьбе за равноправие.

б) разг. понимать и любить (что-л. современное); одобрять

I'm not with these new fashions, I find them ugly. — Я не понимаю нынешних течений в моде. По-моему, это просто ужасно.

в) понимать объяснения (кого-л.)

34) ( be within) принадлежать, являться частью (чего-л.)

I can answer your question if it's within my competence. — Я могу ответить на ваш вопрос, если это входит в сферу моей компетенции.

35) ( be without) не хватать, недоставать

Many homes in Britain were without electricity during parts of the winter. — Временами зимой во многих домах Великобритании отключали электричество.

•

- be about
- be around
- be away
- be behind
- be below
- be down
- be in
- be inside
- be off
- be on
- be out
- be over
- be round
- be through
- be up
••

it's all over with someone — (такой-то) умер

to be down in the dumps / mouth — быть в плохом настроении / нездоровым; быть не в форме

to be in accord / harmony with smb. — иметь хорошие отношения с (кем-л.); иметь одинаковые вкусы, мнения с (кем-л.)

to be out in force / large numbers / strength — присутствовать, дежурить на улицах в большом количестве

- have been and gone and done
- be above one's head
- be above oneself
- be abreast of
- be all eyes
- be at a dead end
- be at a loss
- be at attention
- be at each other's throats
- be at ease
- be at it
- be at loggerheads
- be at pains
- be behind bars
- be behind the times
- be beneath contempt
- be beneath smb.'s dignity
- be beneath smb.'s notice
- be beside oneself
- be beyond question
- be beyond redemption
- be down for the count
- be down on one's luck
- be hard up for
- be hip to
- be in at the finish
- be in charge
- be in collision with
- be in for smth.
- be in line with
- be in on the ground floor
- be in the chair
- be in the money
- be in the way
- be on full time
- be on the make
- be on the point
- be onto a good thing
- be over and done with
- be ahead
- be amiss II [biː] вспомогательный глагол; прош. вр. 1 л., 3 л. ед. was, 2 л. ед., мн. were, прич. прош. вр. been
1) с причастием настоящего времени образует времена группы continuous

He was talking of you. — Он говорил о тебе.

A man who is being listened to. — Человек, которого сейчас слушают.

2) в сочетании с причастием настоящего времени или инфинитивом выражает будущее действие

She is visiting there next week. — Она приедет сюда на следующей неделе.

He is to see me today. — Он сегодня придёт меня повидать.

3) в сочетании с причастием прошедшего времени образует пассивный залог

The date was fixed. — Дата была зафиксирована.

His book will be published. — Его книга будет опубликована.

The political aspect of the subject has not been approached. — Политический аспект проблемы до сих пор не рассматривался.

4) уст. с причастием прошедшего времени передаёт перфектное значение для непереходных глаголов

Therefore I am returned. — И поэтому я вернулся.

His parents were grown old. — Его родители состарились.

Англо-русский современный словарь > be
15 SO

səu
1. adverb
1) ((used in several types of sentence to express degree) to this extent, or to such an extent: `The snake was about so long,' he said, holding his hands about a metre apart; Don't get so worried!; She was so pleased with his progress in school that she bought him a new bicycle; They couldn't all get into the room, there were so many of them; He departed without so much as (= without even) a goodbye; You've been so (= very) kind to me!; Thank you so much!) tan, tanto

2) ((used to express manner) in this/that way: As you hope to be treated by others, so you must treat them; He likes everything to be (arranged) just so (= in one particular and precise way); It so happens that I have to go to an important meeting tonight.) así

3) ((used in place of a word, phrase etc previously used, or something previously stated) as already indicated: `Are you really leaving your job?' `Yes, I've already told you / said so'; `Is she arriving tomorrow?' `Yes, I hope so'; If you haven't read the notice, please do so now; `Is that so (= true)?' `Yes, it's really so'; `Was your father angry?' `Yes, even more so than I was expecting - in fact, so much so that he refused to speak to me all day!) eso

4) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) también

5) ((used to express agreement or confirmation) indeed: `You said you were going shopping today.' `So I did, but I've changed my mind.'; `You'll need this book tomorrow, won't you?' `So I will.') así es, en efecto

2. conjunction
((and) therefore: John had a bad cold, so I took him to the doctor; `So you think you'd like this job, then?' `Yes.'; And so they got married and lived happily ever after.) así que, por lo tanto, de manera que

- so-called
- so-so
- and so on/forth
- or so
- so as to
- so far
- so good
- so that
- so to say/speak

so¹ adv

1. tan

the exam was so difficult that nobody passed el examen fue tan difícil que no aprobó nadie

2. así

Look, that's Bill So it is mira, allí está Bill Así es

I know because Gary told me so lo sé porque me lo dijo Gary

3. que sí / que no

I think so creo que sí

I don't suppose so supongo que no

4. también

I went, and so did Pete yo fui, y Pete también

I like dancing So do I me gusta bailar A mí también

if so de ser así

or so más o menos

the journey takes an hour or so el viaje dura más o menos una hora

so far hasta ahora

I've read 20 pages so far hasta ahora he leído 20 páginas

so long! ¡hasta luego!

so many tantos

so much tanto

so² conj así que

you broke it, so you have to pay for it lo has roto tú, así que tendrás que pagarlo

so we're not going on holiday? ¿así que no nos vamos de vacaciones?

so that para que

we got up early so that we could go skiing madrugamos para poder ir a esquiar

so what? ¿y qué?

Multiple Entries: SO so
so 1 m fam pey ¡so burro!, you great oaf!
so 2 prep (bajo) under
so pena de, under penalty of
so pretexto/color de, under the guise of 'so' also found in these entries: Spanish: abalanzarse - abarcar - abotargada - abotargado - abur - acalorarse - agujetas - ahí - ahora - alma - amabilidad - amable - aquello - así - atonía - aun - avisar - bala - balbucear - bondad - cabezota - casualidad - celebrar - cerrarse - comecome - como - compensar - con - conque - cortante - creer - decir - decoración - deformación - dejarse - delito - denominada - denominado - desairar - disponer - dosificar - embalarse - embrutecerse - emoción - empañar - encoger - escacharrar - escrupulosa - escrupuloso - esperar English: afraid - allowance - aloud - and - anything - as - ask back - attain - awkward - be - believe - better - blunder - bored - bull - bumpy - busy - calculating - careless - change over - cheap - cheese off - clingy - come round - conceited - condescending - congenial - courteous - critical - damn - do - domineering - dreary - enunciate - even - far - fix - flag - forecast - forgetful - forth - forward - glaringly - gratifying - grieve - grouchy - grunt - gullible - gulp - happen

so

tr[səʊ]

conjunction

1 (therefore) así que, por lo tanto, de manera que

■ she was tired, so she went to bed estaba cansada, así que se fue a la cama

2 (to express purpose) para, para que

■ speak up so that everyone can hear habla fuerte para que todos te oigan

■ he took off his shoes so as not to make any noise se quitó los zapatos para no hacer ruido

adverb

1 (introductory) así que, pues, bueno

■ so you've decided to come así que has decidido venir

■ so I made a mistake! what about it? ¡pues me he equivocado! ¿y qué?

■ so, what now? bueno, ¿ahora qué?

2 (very - before adj or adv) tan; (- before noun or with verb) tanto,-a

■ she's so bored está tan aburrida

■ it's so cold hace tanto frío

■ don't drive so fast no vayas tan rápido, no corras tanto

■ he was so hungry that he ate the lot tenía tanta hambre que se lo comió todo

■ he isn't so clever as he looks no es tan listo como parece

3 (unspecified number or amount, limit) tanto,-a

■ I can only do so much no puedo hacer más

■ it'll take a month or so tardará un mes más o menos, tardará un mes o así

■ why don't you say that you earn so much? ¿por qué no dices que ganas tanto?

■ so much noise/food tanto ruido/tanta comida

■ so many boys/girls tantos niños/tantas niñas

4 (thus, in this way) así, de esta manera, de este modo

■ he's about so tall es así de alto

■ cut the fish, like so corta el pescado así

■ of all the stupid people I know, no-one is more so than you de todas las personas estúpidas que conozco, no hay ninguna como tú

5 (to avoid repetition) que sí

■ I think/hope so creo/espero que sí

■ I'm afraid so me temo que sí

■ I told you so ya te lo dije

■ and quite rightly so y con mucha razón

■ if so en este caso, de ser así

6 (to express agreement, also) también

■ so am I/so do I/so can I/so have I yo también

■ it's snowing - so it is está nevando - así es

■ so I see ya veo

■ so it seems así parece

adjective

1 (factual, true) así

■ it can't be so no puede ser

■ that just isn't so eso no es verdad

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

and so on (and so forth) y así sucesivamente, etcétera

just so / exactly so perfecto, en orden

so be it así sea

so long! ¡hasta luego!, ¡hasta pronto!

so much for something

■ so much for new technology! ¡vaya nueva tecnología!

■ so much for your advice! ¡vaya consejo que me diste!

so there! ¡ea!, ¡para que sepas!

so what? ¿y qué?

so ['so:] adv

1) (referring to something indicated or suggested)

do you think so?: ¿tú crees?

so it would seem: eso parece

I told her so: se lo dije

he's ready, or so he says: según dice, está listo

it so happened that...: resultó que...

do it like so: hazlo así

so be it: así sea

2) also: también

so do I: yo también

3) thus: así, de esta manera

4) : tan

he'd never been so happy: nunca había estado tan contento

5) consequently: por lo tanto

so conj

1) therefore: así que

2) or so that : para que, así que, de manera que

3)

so what? : ¿y qué?

so

adv.

• así adv.

• por consiguiente adv.

• por tanto adv.

• tal adv.

• también adv.

• tan adv.

• tanto adv.

conj.

• así que conj.

interj.

• îverdad... interj.

I səʊ
adverb

1)

a) ( very) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

he did it so quickly — lo hizo tan rápido

you're so right — tienes tanta razón

I'm so glad to meet you — me alegro tanto de conocerte

there's so much work to do — hay tanto (trabajo) que hacer

thank you so much — muchísimas gracias

b) ( as much as that) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

why are you so stubborn? — ¿por qué eres tan terco?

c) (in comparisons)

not so... as: we've never been so busy as we are now nunca hemos estado tan ocupados como ahora; it's not so much a hobby as an obsession — no es tanto un hobby como una obsesión

2)

a) (up to a certain point, limit)

I can only eat so fast — no puedo comer más rápido

we can admit just so many and no more — sólo podemos dejar entrar a equis cantidad de gente y no más

b) ( unspecified amount)

they charge us so much a day — nos cobran tanto por día

c) ( the amount indicated)

the fish was so long — el pescado era así de largo

d)

or so — más o menos

we'll need 20 or so chairs — nos harán falta unas 20 sillas (más o menos)

3) ( with clauses of result or purpose)

so... (that) — tan... que

he was so rude (that) she slapped him — fue tan grosero, que le dio una bofetada

he so hated the job, he left — odiaba tanto el trabajo, que lo dejó

so... as to + inf: I'm not so stupid as to believe him no soy tan tonta como para creerle; would you be so kind as to explain this to me? — (frml) ¿tendría la gentileza de explicarme esto?

4)

a) (thus, in this way)

the street was so named because... — se le puso ese nombre a la calle porque...

if you feel so inclined — si tienes ganas, si te apetece (esp Esp)

hold the bat like so — agarra el bate así or de esta manera

b) ( as stated) así

that is so — (frml) así es

I know quite a bit about that - is that so? — yo sé bastante de eso - no me digas!

not so — no es cierto, no es así

if so, they're lying — si es así or de ser así, están mintiendo

c) ( as desired)

everything has to be just so — todo tiene que estar justamente como ella (or él etc) quiere

d)

and so on o and so forth — etcétera

5)

a) (replacing clause, phrase, word)

he thinks she's gifted and I think so too — él cree que tiene talento y yo también or y yo opino lo mismo

is he coming tomorrow? - it seems so — ¿viene mañana? - así or eso parece

will he be pleased? - I expect so — ¿estará contento? - me imagino que sí

I got a bit dirty - so I see — me ensucié un poco - sí, ya veo

I told you so — ¿no te lo dije?

is she interested? - very much so — ¿le interesa? - sí, y mucho

b) ( contradicting) (used esp by children)

she wasn't there - she was so! — no estaba allí - sí que estaba!

6) (with v aux)

a) (also, equally)

Peter agrees and so does Bill — Peter está de acuerdo y Bill también

b) ( indeed)

you promised - so I did! — lo prometiste - es verdad! or tienes razón!

7)

a) ( indicating pause or transition) bueno

so here we are again — bueno, aquí estamos otra vez

b) ( introducing new topic)

so what's new with you? — y ¿qué hay or qué cuentas de nuevo?

c) (querying, eliciting information)

so now what do we do? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

d) (summarizing, concluding) así que

so now you know — así que ya sabes

e) ( expressing surprised reaction) así que, conque

so that's what he's after! — así que or conque eso es lo que quiere!

f) ( challenging)

but she's not a Catholic - so? — pero no es católica - ¿y qué (hay)?

so what? — ¿y qué?

II

conjunction

1) (in clauses of purpose or result)

a)

so (that): she said it slowly, so (that) we'd all understand lo dijo despacio, para que or de manera que todos entendiéramos; she said it slowly, so (that) we all understood lo dijo despacio, así que or de manera que todos entendimos; not so (as) you'd notice (colloq): has he cleaned in here? - not so as you'd notice — ¿ha limpiado aquí? - pues si ha limpiado, no lo parece

b)

so as to + inf — para + inf

they set off early so as to get good seats — salieron temprano para conseguir buenas localidades

2) (therefore, consequently) así que, de manera que

he wasn't at home, so I called again — no estaba en casa, así que or de manera que volví a llamar más tarde

so there! — para que sepas!

III

noun ( Mus) sol m

ABBR
= standing order
* * *

I [səʊ]
adverb

1)

a) ( very) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

he did it so quickly — lo hizo tan rápido

you're so right — tienes tanta razón

I'm so glad to meet you — me alegro tanto de conocerte

there's so much work to do — hay tanto (trabajo) que hacer

thank you so much — muchísimas gracias

b) ( as much as that) (before adj and adv) tan; (with verb) tanto

why are you so stubborn? — ¿por qué eres tan terco?

c) (in comparisons)

not so... as: we've never been so busy as we are now nunca hemos estado tan ocupados como ahora; it's not so much a hobby as an obsession — no es tanto un hobby como una obsesión

2)

a) (up to a certain point, limit)

I can only eat so fast — no puedo comer más rápido

we can admit just so many and no more — sólo podemos dejar entrar a equis cantidad de gente y no más

b) ( unspecified amount)

they charge us so much a day — nos cobran tanto por día

c) ( the amount indicated)

the fish was so long — el pescado era así de largo

d)

or so — más o menos

we'll need 20 or so chairs — nos harán falta unas 20 sillas (más o menos)

3) ( with clauses of result or purpose)

so... (that) — tan... que

he was so rude (that) she slapped him — fue tan grosero, que le dio una bofetada

he so hated the job, he left — odiaba tanto el trabajo, que lo dejó

so... as to + inf: I'm not so stupid as to believe him no soy tan tonta como para creerle; would you be so kind as to explain this to me? — (frml) ¿tendría la gentileza de explicarme esto?

4)

a) (thus, in this way)

the street was so named because... — se le puso ese nombre a la calle porque...

if you feel so inclined — si tienes ganas, si te apetece (esp Esp)

hold the bat like so — agarra el bate así or de esta manera

b) ( as stated) así

that is so — (frml) así es

I know quite a bit about that - is that so? — yo sé bastante de eso - no me digas!

not so — no es cierto, no es así

if so, they're lying — si es así or de ser así, están mintiendo

c) ( as desired)

everything has to be just so — todo tiene que estar justamente como ella (or él etc) quiere

d)

and so on o and so forth — etcétera

5)

a) (replacing clause, phrase, word)

he thinks she's gifted and I think so too — él cree que tiene talento y yo también or y yo opino lo mismo

is he coming tomorrow? - it seems so — ¿viene mañana? - así or eso parece

will he be pleased? - I expect so — ¿estará contento? - me imagino que sí

I got a bit dirty - so I see — me ensucié un poco - sí, ya veo

I told you so — ¿no te lo dije?

is she interested? - very much so — ¿le interesa? - sí, y mucho

b) ( contradicting) (used esp by children)

she wasn't there - she was so! — no estaba allí - sí que estaba!

6) (with v aux)

a) (also, equally)

Peter agrees and so does Bill — Peter está de acuerdo y Bill también

b) ( indeed)

you promised - so I did! — lo prometiste - es verdad! or tienes razón!

7)

a) ( indicating pause or transition) bueno

so here we are again — bueno, aquí estamos otra vez

b) ( introducing new topic)

so what's new with you? — y ¿qué hay or qué cuentas de nuevo?

c) (querying, eliciting information)

so now what do we do? — ¿y ahora qué hacemos?

d) (summarizing, concluding) así que

so now you know — así que ya sabes

e) ( expressing surprised reaction) así que, conque

so that's what he's after! — así que or conque eso es lo que quiere!

f) ( challenging)

but she's not a Catholic - so? — pero no es católica - ¿y qué (hay)?

so what? — ¿y qué?

II

conjunction

1) (in clauses of purpose or result)

a)

so (that): she said it slowly, so (that) we'd all understand lo dijo despacio, para que or de manera que todos entendiéramos; she said it slowly, so (that) we all understood lo dijo despacio, así que or de manera que todos entendimos; not so (as) you'd notice (colloq): has he cleaned in here? - not so as you'd notice — ¿ha limpiado aquí? - pues si ha limpiado, no lo parece

b)

so as to + inf — para + inf

they set off early so as to get good seats — salieron temprano para conseguir buenas localidades

2) (therefore, consequently) así que, de manera que

he wasn't at home, so I called again — no estaba en casa, así que or de manera que volví a llamar más tarde

so there! — para que sepas!

III

noun ( Mus) sol m

English-spanish dictionary > SO
16 PIDE

(Political Police)

   Commonly known as the PIDE, the Estado Novo's political police was established in 1932. The acronym of PIDE stood for Polícia Internacional e de Defesa do Estado or International and State Defense State Police, the name it was known by from 1945 to 1969. From 1932 to 1945, it was known by a different acronym: PVDE or Polícia da Vigilância e de Defesa do Estado. After Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar was replaced in office by Marcello Caetano, the political police was renamed DGS, Direcção-Geral da Seguridade or Directorate General of Security.

   This force was the most infamous means of repression and a major source of fear among the opposition during the long history of the Estado Novo. While it was described as "secret police," nearly everyone knew of its existence, although its methods — in theory—were "secret." The PVDE/PIDE/DGS had functions much broader than purely the repression of any opposition to the regime. It combined the roles of a border police, customs inspectorate, immigration force, political police, and a regime vetting administration of credentials for government or even private sector jobs. Furthermore, this police had powers of arrest, pursued nonpolitical criminals, and administered its own prison system. From the 1950s on, the PIDE extended its operations to the empire and began to directly suppress oppositionists in various colonies in Africa and Asia.

   While this police became more notorious and known to the public after 1958-61, before that new outburst of antiregime activity, it was perhaps more effective in neutralizing or destroying oppositionist groups. It was especially effective in damaging the Communist Party of Portugal (PCP) in the 1930s and early 1940s. Yet, beginning with the unprecedented strikes and political activities of 194345, the real heyday had passed. During World War II, its top echelons were in the pay of both the Allies and Axis powers, although in later propaganda from the left, the PIDE's pro-Axis reputation was carefully groomed into a myth.

   As for its actual strength and resources, it seems clear that it employed several thousand officers and also had thousands of informants in the general population. Under new laws of 1945, this police force received the further power to institute 90-day detention without charge or trial and such a detention could easily be renewed. A who's-who of the political opposition emerges from those who spent years in PIDE prisons or were frequently arrested without charge. The PIDE remained numerous and well-funded into 1974, when the Revolution of 25 April 1974 overthrew the regime and abolished it. A major question remains: If this police knew much about the Armed Forces Movement coup conspiracy, why was it so ineffective in arresting known leaders and squashing the plot?

    See also Intelligence Services.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > PIDE
17 спрашивать

несовер. - спрашивать;
совер. - спросить
1) (что-л.) (кого-л. о чем-л.;
что-л. у кого-л.) ask (smb. about smth.) ;
inquire (about/after/for/of smth.) (узнавать) ;
demand( smth. of/from smb.) (требовать)
2) (что-л.) (желать видеть) ask (for), want (to see) ;
desire to speak (to)
3) (с кого-л.) ;
разг. make responsible/answer (for) ;
be taken to account

спрашив|ать -, спросить
1. (вн.) ask (smb., smth.) ;
(о пр.;
осведомляться) inquire (about, after), ask (about, after) ;
спросить фамилию ask smb.`s name;
спросить о поезде ask about a train;
вас не ~ают? who asked you?;

2. (вн.;
вызывать учащегося) question( smb., smth.) ;
~ урок ask questions on the work (that was) set;
строго ~ be* very exacting;

3. (вн.;
рд.;
просить) ask (for) ;
~ у кого-л. разрешения, совета ask smb.`s permission, advice;

4. (вн.;
желать видеть) ask (for) ;
меня никто не ~ал? were there any calls for me?;

5. (вн.) разг. (требовать какую-л. плату) charge( smth.), ask (smth.) ;
~ с кого-л. десять рублей за что-л. charge smb. ten roubles for smth. ;

6. (с рд.;
требовать ответственности) make* (smb.) answer;
с вас за это спросят you will have to answer for that;
~аться, спроситься разг.
7. (у рд., просить разрешения) ask smb.`s permission/leave;
уйти, ни у кого не спросясь leave* without asking any one`s permission;

8. тк. несов.: ~ается в знач. вводн. сл. one would like to know;

9. безл. (с рд.;
будет потребован ответ): за это с тебя спросится you will have to answer for that.

Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > спрашивать
18 beat

1. transitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln

3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]

beat the deadline — den Termin noch einhalten

4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

hard to beat — schwer zu schlagen

you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

beat that! — das soll mal einer nachmachen!

beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

beat somebody to it — jemandem zuvorkommen

can you beat it? — ist denn das zu fassen?

5) (circumvent) umgehen

beat the system — sich gegen das bestehende System durchsetzen

6) (perplex)

it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

7)

beat time — den Takt schlagen

8) p.p. beat

I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also academic.ru/6046/beaten">beaten 2.
2. intransitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)

3)

beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)

5) (Naut.) kreuzen
3. noun
1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der

his heart missed a beat — ihm stockte das Herz

2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der

3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

* * *

past tense; see beat

* * *

beat

[bi:t]

I. n

1. (throb) Schlag m

2. no pl (act) Schlagen nt kein pl, Pochen nt kein pl; of the heart also Klopfen nt

her heart skipped a \beat ihr stockte das Herz

3. no pl MUS Takt m

to have a strong \beat einen ausgeprägten Rhythmus haben

to the \beat of the music im Takt der Musik

4. usu sing (patrol) Revier nt

to be on [or to walk] the \beat seine Runde machen

5.

▶ to be off sb's \beat nicht jds Fach sein

II. adj inv, pred ( fam)

1. (exhausted) erschlagen fam, fix und fertig fam; (tired) todmüde fam

to be dead \beat esp BRIT (exhausted) total geschafft sein fam; (tired) todmüde sein fam

2. (defeated) geschlagen, besiegt

to have sb \beat CHESS jdn schachmatt gesetzt haben

III. vt

<beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>

1. (hit)

▪ to \beat sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (on top of sth) auf etw akk schlagen

to \beat a carpet einen Teppich [aus]klopfen

he \beat the door/table with his fist er schlug mit der Faust gegen die Tür/auf den Tisch

2. (strike)

▪ to \beat sth against sth mit etw dat gegen etw akk schlagen

to \beat one's fists against the door/ground/table mit den Fäusten gegen die Tür/auf den Boden/auf den Tisch schlagen

to \beat sb's head against the wall/floor jds Kopf gegen die Wand/den Boden schlagen

3. (hurt)

▪ to \beat sb [with sth] jdn [mit etw dat] schlagen

to \beat one's child/wife sein Kind/seine Frau [ver]prügeln [o schlagen]

to \beat sb to death jdn totschlagen [o zu Tode prügeln]

to \beat sb black and blue jdn grün und blau schlagen fam

to brutally [or savagely] \beat sb jdn brutal zusammenschlagen

4. (drum)

▪ to \beat sth auf etw akk trommeln

to \beat a drum trommeln

to \beat time den Takt schlagen

5. (mix)

to \beat cream/eggs Sahne [o SCHWEIZ Rahm] /Eier schlagen [o SCHWEIZ rühren]

\beat [the] butter [until light and fluffy] [die] Butter schaumig schlagen

\beat eggs and sugar [together] die Eier mit dem Zucker [o Eier und Zucker] schaumig schlagen

6. (force)

to \beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jdm herausprügeln

to \beat one's path through sth sich dat einen Weg durch etw akk bahnen

7. (defeat)

▪ to \beat sb/sth jdn/etw schlagen [o besiegen]; (score better) jdn/etw übertreffen

they were \beaten [by] three goals to one sie wurden mit 3 zu 0 geschlagen

to \beat a record einen Rekord brechen

to be hard to \beat schwer zu schlagen sein

▪ to \beat sb to sth jdm bei etw dat zuvorkommen

to \beat sb to the draw schneller ziehen als jd; ( fig) schlagfertiger als jd sein

8. ( fam)

▪ to \beat sb/sth (surpass, outdo) jdn/etw schlagen [o übertreffen]; (be better than) besser als jd/etw sein

you can't \beat our local Italian restaurant for a good pizza eine bessere Pizza als bei unserem Italiener findest du nirgends

you can't \beat a cool beer on a hot day es geht [doch] nichts über ein kühles Bier an einem heißen Tag

you simply can't \beat their prices ihre Preise sind schlichtweg nicht zu unterbieten

9. (avoid)

▪ to \beat sth etw umgehen

10. ( fam: baffle)

▪ to \beat sb jdm [o für jdn] zu hoch fam

it \beats me das ist mir zu hoch fam

it \beats me [or what \beats me is] how/why... es ist mir ein Rätsel, wie/warum...

11.

▶ to \beat one's breast [or chest] sich dat an die Brust schlagen fig

▶ if you can't \beat 'em, join 'em ( saying) verbünde dich mit ihnen, wenn du sie nicht besiegen kannst

▶ to \beat the [living] daylights [or (fam!) the shit] out of sb ( fam) jdn windelweich schlagen fam

▶ that \beats everything [or AM also all] ( fam) das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus

▶ to \beat sb at their own game jdn mit seinen eigenen Waffen schlagen fig

▶ to \beat the hell out of sb ( fam) jdn fürchterlich verdreschen fam

▶ to \beat sb hollow BRIT ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen

▶ to \beat it ( fam) die Beine unter die Arme nehmen fam

\beat it! hau ab! fam

▶ to \beat the pants off sb ( fam) jdn vernichtend schlagen

▶ to \beat a path to sb's door jdm die Bude einrennen fam

▶ to \beat sb to the punch ( fam) jdm zuvorkommen

▶ to \beat the rap AM ( fam) sich akk herauswinden

▶ to \beat a [hasty] retreat [schnell] einen Rückzieher machen

IV. vi

<beat, beaten or ( fam) beat>

1. (throb,) schlagen; heart also klopfen, pochen; drum dröhnen

the doctor could feel no pulse \beating der Arzt konnte keinen Puls[schlag] feststellen

2. (strike)

▪ to \beat against/on sth gegen etw akk schlagen; (continously) gegen etw akk hämmern

3. ( fig) sun

▪ to \beat on sth auf etw [nieder]brennen; rain, hail

to \beat against the window/on the roof gegen das Fenster peitschen /auf das Dach prasseln; waves

to \beat against the rocks/ship gegen die Felsen/das Schiff schlagen [o peitschen

4. AM (hurt)

▪ to \beat on sb auf jdn einschlagen

5.

▶ to \beat about [or AM around] the bush um den heißen Brei herumreden fam

* * *
[biːt]
1. vb pret beat, ptp beaten

2. n

1) (of heart, pulse, drum = single beat) Schlag m; (= repeated beating) Schlagen nt

the beat of her heart grew weaker — ihr Herzschlag wurde schwächer

to the beat of the drum — zum Schlag der Trommeln

he answered without missing a beat — er antwortete ohne sich aus der Ruhe or Fassung bringen zu lassen

2) (of policeman, sentry) Runde f, Rundgang m; (= district) Revier nt

to be on or to patrol the beat — seine Runde machen

3) (MUS, POET) Takt m; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag m

to have a heavy beat — einen ausgeprägten Rhythmus haben

on/off the beat — auf dem betonten/unbetonten Taktteil

4) (= beat music) Beat(musik f) m

5) (HUNT) Treibjagd f

3. vt

1) (= hit) schlagen; person, animal also (ver)prügeln, hauen (inf); carpet klopfen; (= search) countryside, woods absuchen, abkämmen

the crocodile beat the ground with its tail — das Krokodil schlug mit dem Schwanz auf den Boden

to beat a/one's way through sth — einen/sich (dat) einen Weg durch etw bahnen

to beat a path to sb's door (fig) — jdm die Bude einrennen (inf)

to beat a/the drum — trommeln, die Trommel schlagen

to beat the air —

to beat one's breast (lit, fig) (ape) — sich (dat) an die Brust schlagen sich (dat) gegen die Brust trommeln

beat it! (fig inf) — hau ab! (inf), verschwinde!

2) (= hammer) metal hämmern; (= shape also) treiben

to beat sth flat — etw flach or platt hämmern

3) (= defeat) schlagen; record brechen; inflation in den Griff bekommen; disease erfolgreich bekämpfen

to beat sb at chess/tennis — jdn im Schach/Tennis schlagen

his shot/forehand beat me — ich war dem Schuss/Vorhandschlag nicht gewachsen

to beat sb into second place — jdn auf den zweiten Platz verweisen

you can't beat these prices — diese Preise sind nicht zu unterbieten

you can't beat central heating/real wool —

he beats the rest of them any day — er steckt sie alle (jederzeit) in die Tasche (inf)

if you can't beat them, join them (inf) — wenn dus nicht besser machen kannst, dann mach es genauso

coffee beats tea any day — Kaffee ist allemal besser als Tee

that beats everything — das ist doch wirklich der Gipfel or die Höhe (inf), das schlägt dem Fass den Boden aus (inf)

it beats me (how/why...) (inf) — es ist mir ein Rätsel(, wie/warum...) (inf)

well, can you beat it! (inf) — ist das denn zu fassen? (inf)

he managed to beat the charge (inf) — er wurde (von der Anklage) freigesprochen

4) (= be before) budget, crowds zuvorkommen (+dat)

to beat sb to the top of a hill — vor jdm oben auf dem Berg sein or ankommen

I'll beat you down to the beach — ich bin vor dir am Strand

to beat sb home — vor jdm zu Hause sein

to beat the deadline — vor Ablauf der Frist fertig sein

to beat sb to the draw — schneller ziehen als jd

to beat sb to it — jdm zuvorkommen

5) (= move up and down regularly) schlagen

the bird beats its wings — der Vogel schlägt mit den Flügeln

6) (MUS)

to beat time (to the music) — den Takt schlagen

7) (COOK) cream, eggs schlagen

4. vi

1) (heart, pulse, drum) schlagen

to beat on the door (with one's fists) —

with beating heart — mit pochendem or klopfendem Herzen

her heart was beating with excitement — ihr Herz schlug vor Aufregung schneller

See:

→ bush

2) (wind, waves) schlagen; (rain also) trommeln; (sun) brennen

3) (cream) sich schlagen lassen

5. adj

1) (inf

= exhausted) to be (dead) beat — total kaputt or geschafft or erledigt sein (inf)

2) (inf

= defeated) to be beat(en) — aufgeben müssen (inf),

I'm beat — ich gebe mich geschlagen

he doesn't know when he's beat(en) — er gibt nicht auf (inf)

we've got him beat — wir haben ihn schachmatt gesetzt

this problem's got me beat — mit dem Problem komme ich nicht klar (inf)

* * *

beat¹ [biːt]

A s

1. (besonders regelmäßig wiederholter) Schlag, z. B. Herz-, Puls-, Trommelschlag m, Pochen n, Klopfen n (des Herzens etc), Ticken n (der Uhr), (An)Schlagen n (der Wellen)

2. SPORT (Ruder)Schlag m, Schlagzahl f (pro Minute)

3. Fechten: Battuta f, Klingenschlagstoß m

4. MUS

a) Takt(schlag) m:

in beat im Takt;

out of beat, off (the) beat aus dem Takt

b) Schlag(zeit) m(f), Taktteil m

c) Jazz: Beat m (rhythmischer Schwerpunkt)

d) Beat(musik) m(f)

5. LIT Hebung f, Ton m

6. ELEK, PHYS, RADIO Schwebung f

7. US umg

a) I never heard the beat of that das schlägt oder übersteigt alles, was ich je gehört habe

b)c) (sensationelle) Allein- oder Erstmeldung (einer Zeitung)

8. → beatnik

9. Runde f, Revier n (eines Schutzmanns etc):

be on one’s beat seine oder die Runde machen;

be off ( oder out of) one’s beat fig nicht in seinem Element sein;

that is out of my beat das schlägt nicht in mein Fach

10. JAGD Treiben n

B adj

1. umg wie erschlagen, fix und fertig

2. MUS Beat…:

beat music

3. Beatnik…:

beat philosophy;

the Beat Generation die Beatgeneration (Gruppe junger Menschen in den USA, die nach dem 2. Weltkrieg die Gesellschaft mit allen bürgerlichen Bindungen ablehnte und durch gesteigerte Lebensintensität zur Erkenntnis einer metaphysischen Wirklichkeit zu gelangen suchte)

4. PHYS, RADIO Schwebungs…:

beat frequency

C v/t prät beat, pperf beaten, obs oder dial beat

1. schlagen, (ver)prügeln, verhauen:

beat to death erschlagen;

beat a confession out of sb ein Geständnis aus jemandem herausprügeln;

beat sth into sb(’s head) jemandem etwas einbläuen; → air¹ A 1, breast A 1, chest A 2

2. (regelmäßig oder häufig) schlagen, z. B.

a) einen Teppich etc klopfen, Kleider etc (aus)klopfen

b) Metall hämmern oder schmieden

c) Steine klopfen

d) Eier etc (zu Schaum oder Schnee) schlagen

3. den Takt, die Trommel schlagen:

beat the charge MIL das Signal zum Angriff geben;

beat the drum for sb (sth) fig für jemanden (etwas) die Trommel rühren; → retreat A 1

4. peitschen, schlagen gegen (Wind, Wellen, Regen etc):

beaten by storms sturmgepeitscht

5. schlagen mit den Flügeln etc:

the bird was beating its wings;

beat one’s hands (in die Hände) klatschen

6. einen Weg stampfen, treten, (sich) bahnen:

beat one’s way US umg per Anhalter reisen, trampen;

beat it! umg hau ab!

7. JAGD und weitS. ein Revier durchstöbern, -streifen, einen Rundgang machen um

8. a) einen Gegner schlagen, besiegen:

beat sb at swimming jemanden im Schwimmen schlagen;

beat sb into second place jemanden auf den zweiten Platz verweisen;

he had only the goalkeeper to beat SPORT er hatte nur noch den Torhüter vor sich;

I’ll not be beaten fig ich lasse mich nicht unterkriegen;

beat the band umg alles übertreffen; (als Redewendung) mit (aller) Macht, wie toll;

she was screaming to beat the band umg sie schrie aus Leibeskräften;

he was sleeping to beat the band umg er schlief wie ein Murmeltier;

if you can’t beat ’em, join ’em umg wenn man nicht gegen den Strom schwimmen kann, dann schwimmt man halt mit; → hollow B 1

b) jemandem, einer Sache zuvorkommen:

beat sb to it ( oder to the punch) umg jemandem zuvorkommen;

beat the deadline umg noch rechtzeitig fertig werden, die Frist einhalten; → gun¹ A 3

9. fig schlagen, übertreffen, -bieten:

beat a record einen Rekord brechen;

the time to beat die Zeit, die es zu schlagen gilt;

you can’t beat a good cup of tea es geht nichts über eine gute Tasse Tee;

that beats all ( oder everything)! das ist doch der Gipfel oder die Höhe!;

that beats everything I’ve ever heard das ist das Tollste, was ich je gehört habe;

can you beat it ( oder that)! umg das darf doch nicht wahr sein!

10. fig verblüffen:

that beats me das ist mir zu hoch, da komme ich nicht mehr mit;

it beats me how … ich verstehe einfach nicht, wie …

11. umg fertigmachen (erschöpfen):

the journey quite beat him

12. TYPO abklopfen:

beat a proof einen Bürstenabzug machen

D v/i

1. (heftig) schlagen, pochen, klopfen (Herz), ticken (Uhr):

beat at ( oder on) the door gegen die Tür hämmern oder schlagen

2. schlagen, peitschen ( against gegen):

the rain was beating against the house

3. schlagen, (er)tönen (Trommel etc)

4. SCHIFF lavieren, kreuzen:

beat against the wind, beat to windward (luvwärts) kreuzen, abfallen

5. JAGD eine Treibjagd veranstalten: → bush¹ A 1

beat² [biːt] s Br Flachs- oder Hanfbündel n

* * *
1. transitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (strike repeatedly) schlagen [Trommel, Rhythmus, Eier, Teig]; klopfen [Teppich]; hämmern [Gold, Silber usw.]

beat one's breast — (lit. or fig.) sich (Dat.) an die Brust schlagen

2) (hit) schlagen; [ver]prügeln

3) (defeat) schlagen [Mannschaft, Gegner]; (surmount) in den Griff bekommen [Inflation, Arbeitslosigkeit, Krise]

beat the deadline — den Termin noch einhalten

4) (surpass) brechen [Rekord]; übertreffen [Leistung]

hard to beat — schwer zu schlagen

you can't beat or nothing beats French cuisine — es geht [doch] nichts über die französische Küche

beat that! — das soll mal einer nachmachen!

beat everything — (coll.) alles in den Schatten stellen

beat somebody to it — jemandem zuvorkommen

can you beat it? — ist denn das zu fassen?

5) (circumvent) umgehen

beat the system — sich gegen das bestehende System durchsetzen

6) (perplex)

it beats me how/why... — es ist mir ein Rätsel wie/warum...

7)

beat time — den Takt schlagen

8) p.p. beat

I'm beat — (coll.): (exhausted) ich bin erledigt (ugs.). See also beaten 2.
2. intransitive verb,
beat, beaten

1) (throb) [Herz:] schlagen, klopfen; [Puls:] schlagen

my heart seemed to stop beating — ich dachte, mir bleibt das Herz stehen

2) [Sonne:] brennen (on auf + Akk.); [Wind, Wellen:] schlagen (on auf + Akk., against gegen); [Regen, Hagel:] prasseln, trommeln ( against gegen)

3)

beat about the bush — um den [heißen] Brei herumreden (ugs.)

4) (knock) klopfen (at an + Dat.)

5) (Naut.) kreuzen
3. noun
1) (stroke, throbbing) Schlag, der; (rhythm) Takt, der

his heart missed a beat — ihm stockte das Herz

2) (Mus.) Schlag, der; (of metronome, baton) Taktschlag, der

3) (of policeman, watchman) Runde, die; (area) Revier, das

be off somebody's [usual] beat — (fig.) nicht in jemandes Fach schlagen

Phrasal Verbs:

- beat back

- beat down

- beat in

- beat off

- beat out

- beat up

* * *

n.

Runde -n f.

Schlag -¨e m.

Takt -e m. v.

(§ p.,p.p.: beat, beaten)

= ausklopfen v.

besiegen v.

klopfen v.

schlagen v.

(§ p.,pp.: schlug, geschlagen)

English-german dictionary > beat
19 due

dju:
1. adjective
1) (owed: I think I'm still due some pay; Our thanks are due to the doctor.) debido; ser pagadero; estar muy agradecido

2) (expected according to timetable, promise etc: The bus is due in three minutes.) esperado

3) (proper: Take due care.) debido

2. adverb
(directly South: sailing due east.) derecho hacia

3. noun
1) (what is owed, especially what one has a right to: I'm only taking what is my due.) merecido

2) ((in plural) charge, fee or toll: He paid the dues on the cargo.) derechos

•

- duly
- due to
- give someone his due
- give his due

due adj

the bus is due soon el tren debe llegar pronto

the baby is due in October esperamos al niño para octubre

when is the rent due? ¿cuándo hay que pagar el alquiler?

I am due 12 days holiday me deben 12 días de vacaciones

due to debido a / por

the road is closed due to an accident la carretera está cortada por un accidente

to be due for something merecerse algo

I'm due for a rise me merezco un aumento de sueldo

to be due to do something tener algo previsto

they're due to arrive tomorrow tienen previsto llegar mañana

due

tr[djʊː]

adjective

1 (expected, supposed to happen) esperado,-a

■ her new book is due out in December su nuevo libro saldrá en diciembre

■ the train is due (in) at five o'clock el tren debe llegar a las cinco

■ he's due back any minute volverá en cualquier momento

■ when is the baby due? ¿para cuándo espera el bebé?

■ we were due there at nine o'clock teníamos que estar allí a las nueve

2 formal use (proper, correct) debido,-a

■ he was driving without due care and attention conducía de forma imprudente y sin prestar la debida atención

■ after due consideration con las debidas consideraciones

3 (payable, requiring immediate payment) pagadero,-a, que vence

■ a bill due today una factura que vence hoy

■ the rent isn't due till next week no hay que pagar el alquiler hasta la semana que viene

4 (owed as right) merecido,-a; (owed as debt) debido,-a

■ thanks are due to all the staff at London Hospital gracias a todo el personal del Hospital de Londres

■ credit where credit's due hay que reconocer su mérito

■ I'm due for a rise me corresponde un aumento de sueldo

■ how much are you due? ¿cuánto te deben?

■ I'm still due 5 days' holiday aún me deben cinco días de vacaciones

noun

1 merecido

adverb

1 derecho hacia

■ due north derecho hacia el norte

plural noun dues

1 (charges, payments, fees) cuota

■ have you paid your dues? ¿has pagado la cuota?

\

SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL

due to debido a

to become due SMALLFINANCE/SMALL vencer, hacerse efectivo,-a

to be due to deberse a, ser causado,-a por

to give somebody his/her due dar a alguien su merecido, ser justo,-a con alguien, hacer justicia a alguien

with all due respect con el debido respeto, con todo el respeto que se merece, sin ganas de ofender

due date (fecha de) vencimiento

due ['du:, 'dju:] adv

: justo a, derecho hacia

due north: derecho hacia el norte

due adj

1) payable: pagadero, sin pagar

2) appropriate: debido, apropiado

after due consideration: con las debidas consideraciones

3) expected: esperado

the train is due soon: esperamos el tren muy pronto, el tren debe llegar pronto

4)

due to : debido a, por

due n

1)

to give someone his (her) due : darle a alguien su merecido

2) dues npl

: cuota f

due

adj.

• atrasado, -a adj.

• debido, -a adj.

• oportuno, -a adj.

• pagadero, -a adj.

adv.

• directamente adv.

• exactamente adv.

n.

• cuota s.f.

• deuda s.f.

I duː, djuː
adjective

1) (pred)

a) ( payable)

the rent is due — hay que pagar el alquiler

the payment becomes o falls due on the 5th — hay que hacer efectivo el pago el día 5

b) ( owed)

due TO somebody/something: the respect due to one's elders el respeto que se les debe a los mayores; the money due to them el dinero que se les debe or (frml) se les adeuda; it's all due to you todo gracias a ti, te lo debemos todo a ti; it was due to a technical problem — se debió a un problema técnico

c)

due to — (as prep) (crit) debido a

all flights were canceled due to bad weather — se cancelaron todos los vuelos debido al mal tiempo

d) ( scheduled)

when is the next train/flight due? — ¿cuándo llega el próximo tren/vuelo?

when is the baby due? — ¿para cuándo espera or tiene fecha?

she's due back tomorrow — vuelve mañana, su regreso está previsto para mañana

she is due for promotion — le corresponde un ascenso

2) (before n)

a) ( proper) <consideration/regard> debido

without due cause — sin causa justificada

with all due respect — con el debido respeto, con todo el respeto que se merece

in due course — en su debido momento, a su debido tiempo

b) ( deserved) < reward> merecido

II

adverb

the fort is due west of the town — el fuerte está justo or exactamente al oeste del pueblo

we headed due north — nos dirigimos derecho hacia el norte

III

noun

1)

to give him his due, he is efficient — tienes que reconocer que es eficiente

2) dues plural noun ( subscription) cuota f

[djuː]
1. ADJ

1) (=expected)

when is the plane due (in)? — ¿a qué hora llega el avión?

the train is due (in) or due to arrive at eight — el tren llega a las ocho, el tren tiene su hora de llegada a las ocho

the train was due (in) ten minutes ago — el tren tenía que haber llegado hace diez minutos

the results are due (in) today — está previsto que los resultados salgan hoy

the magazine/film/record is due out in December — la revista/la película/el disco sale en diciembre

I'm due in Chicago tomorrow — mañana me esperan en Chicago

he is due back tomorrow — estará de vuelta mañana, está previsto que vuelva mañana

when is it due to happen? — ¿para cuándo se prevé?

it is due to be demolished — tienen que demolerlo

when is the baby due? — ¿cuándo se espera que nazca el niño?

2) (=owing) [sum, money] pagadero, pendiente

it's due on the 30th — el plazo vence el día 30

he's due a salary raise — (US) le corresponde un aumento de sueldo

I am due six days' leave — se me deben seis días de vacaciones

when is the rent due? — ¿cuándo se paga el alquiler?, ¿cuándo hay que pagar el alquiler?

I feel I'm about due a holiday! — ¡me parece que necesito unas vacaciones!

• to fall due — (Econ) vencer

• he is due for a rise/promotion — le corresponde un aumento de sueldo/un ascenso

• I have £50 due to me — me deben 50 libras

our thanks are due to him — le estamos muy agradecidos

they must be treated with the respect due to their rank/age — deben ser tratados con el respeto que su rango/edad merece

3) (=appropriate) [care, attention] debido

• to drive without due care and attention — (Jur) conducir or (LAm) manejar sin el cuidado y la atención debidos

• after due consideration — después de la debida consideración

• we'll let you know in due course — le avisaremos a su debido tiempo

• he has never received due credit for his achievements — nunca ha recibido el crédito que merece por sus logros

• due process (of law) — (Jur) (el buen hacer de) la justicia

• with (all) due respect (to Mrs Harrison) — con el debido respeto (hacia la señora Harrison)

4)

due to — (=caused by) debido a

due to repairs, the garage will be closed next Saturday — esta gasolinera estará cerrada por obras el próximo sábado

his death was due to natural causes — su muerte se debió a causas naturales

what's it due to? — ¿a qué se debe?

it is due to you that he is alive today — gracias a ti está todavía vivo

2.

ADV

due west of — justo hacia el oeste de

• to face due north — [person] mirar justo hacia el norte; [building] estar orientado completamente hacia el norte

• to go due north — ir derecho hacia el norte

3. N

1) (=due credit)

to give him his due, he did try hard — para ser justo, se esforzó mucho

2) dues (=club, union fees) cuota fsing ; (=taxes) derechos mpl

harbour/port dues — derechos mpl de puerto

- pay one's dues

4.

CPD

due date N — (Econ) [of loan, debt] fecha f de vencimiento

when is your due date? — (for birth) ¿cuándo cumples?

she is five days past her due date — cumplió hace cinco días, salió de cuentas hace cinco días (Sp)

* * *

I [duː, djuː]
adjective

1) (pred)

a) ( payable)

the rent is due — hay que pagar el alquiler

the payment becomes o falls due on the 5th — hay que hacer efectivo el pago el día 5

b) ( owed)

due TO somebody/something: the respect due to one's elders el respeto que se les debe a los mayores; the money due to them el dinero que se les debe or (frml) se les adeuda; it's all due to you todo gracias a ti, te lo debemos todo a ti; it was due to a technical problem — se debió a un problema técnico

c)

due to — (as prep) (crit) debido a

all flights were canceled due to bad weather — se cancelaron todos los vuelos debido al mal tiempo

d) ( scheduled)

when is the next train/flight due? — ¿cuándo llega el próximo tren/vuelo?

when is the baby due? — ¿para cuándo espera or tiene fecha?

she's due back tomorrow — vuelve mañana, su regreso está previsto para mañana

she is due for promotion — le corresponde un ascenso

2) (before n)

a) ( proper) <consideration/regard> debido

without due cause — sin causa justificada

with all due respect — con el debido respeto, con todo el respeto que se merece

in due course — en su debido momento, a su debido tiempo

b) ( deserved) < reward> merecido

II

adverb

the fort is due west of the town — el fuerte está justo or exactamente al oeste del pueblo

we headed due north — nos dirigimos derecho hacia el norte

III

noun

1)

to give him his due, he is efficient — tienes que reconocer que es eficiente

2) dues plural noun ( subscription) cuota f

English-spanish dictionary > due
20 free

free [fri:]

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

2. adverb

3. transitive verb

4. compounds

━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━━

1. adjective

   a. [person, animal, country] libre

• he managed to get free il a réussi à se libérer

• to go free [prisoner] être relâché

• to set a prisoner free libérer un prisonnier

• they had to cut the driver free from the wreckage ils ont dû désincarcérer le conducteur du véhicule accidenté

• to have a free hand to do sth avoir carte blanche pour faire qch

• he was free to refuse il était libre de refuser

• you're free to choose vous êtes libre de choisir

• I will be free at 2 o'clock je serai libre à 14 heures

• it's a free country! on est en république ! (inf)

• to be/get free of sb être débarrassé/se débarrasser de qn

• is this seat free? est-ce que cette place est libre ?

► to feel free to do sth

• please feel free to ask questions n'hésitez pas à poser des questions

• a school where children feel free to express themselves une école où les enfants se sentent libres de s'exprimer

• can I borrow your pen? -- feel free (inf) est-ce que je peux vous emprunter votre stylo ? -- je vous en prie► free from or of ( = without)

to be free from responsibility être dégagé de toute responsabilité

• to be free of pain ne pas souffrir

• a world free of nuclear weapons un monde sans armes nucléaires

• the elections have been free of violence les élections se sont déroulées sans violence

   b. ( = costing nothing) [object, ticket] gratuit

• "free mug with each towel" « une chope gratuite pour tout achat d'une serviette »

• admission free entrée f libre

• delivery free livraison f gratuite

• as a free gift en cadeau

• free sample échantillon m gratuit

• there's no such thing as a free lunch tout se paie

   c. ( = lavish) généreux

• to be free with one's money dépenser son argent sans compter

• you're very free with your advice (ironic) vous êtes particulièrement prodigue de conseils (ironique)

2. adverb

   a. ( = without payment) [give, get, travel] gratuitement

   b. ( = without restraint) [run about] en liberté

   c. ( = expressing release) to pull free se dégager

• to wriggle free [person] se libérer en se tortillant

3. transitive verb

   a. ( = liberate) [+ nation, slave, caged animal, prisoner] libérer ; [+ person] (from wreckage) dégager ; (from burden) soulager

   b. ( = untie) [+ person, animal] détacher

4. compounds

► free agent noun

• to be a free agent avoir toute liberté d'action ► Free Church noun (British) église f non-conformiste adjective

non-conformiste

► free climbing noun escalade f libre

► free(-)diving noun plongée f libre

► free enterprise noun libre entreprise f

► free-enterprise economy noun économie f de marché

► free fall noun chute f libre

• to go into free fall faire une chute libre ► free flight noun (in plane) vol m libre

► free-floating adjective (in water, space) qui flotte librement ; (figurative) [person] sans attaches

► free-for-all noun mêlée f générale

► free house noun (British) pub m (qui n'appartient pas à une chaîne)

► free kick noun (Sport) coup m franc

► free-market economy noun économie f de marché

► free-marketeer noun partisan m de l'économie de marché

► free of charge adverb gratuitement

► free period noun heure f de permanence

► free radical noun radical m libre

► free-range chicken noun poulet m élevé en plein air

► free-range egg noun œuf m de poule élevée en plein air

► free speech noun liberté f de parole

► free spirit noun esprit m libre

► free-spirited adjective [person, ways] non conformiste

► free-standing adjective [furniture] non encastré

► free throw noun (US Sport) lancer m franc

► free-to-air adjective (TV) gratuit

► free trade noun libre-échange m

► free-trade zone noun zone f franche

► free vote noun vote m de conscience (sans consigne de vote)

► free will noun

• he did it of his own free will il l'a fait de son propre gré

* * *
[friː] 1.
noun (also free period) School ≈ heure f de libre
2.
adjective

1) (unhindered, unrestricted) [person, country, election, press, translation] libre (after n); [access, choice] libre (before n)

to be free to do — être libre de faire

to leave somebody free to do — laisser quelqu'un libre de faire

to feel free to do — ne pas hésiter à faire

to break free of ou from — se libérer de

to set somebody free from — libérer quelqu'un de

to be allowed free expression — pouvoir s'exprimer librement

I oiled the hinges to allow free movement — j'ai graissé les gonds pour faciliter le mouvement

2) ( not captive or tied) [person, limb] libre; [animal, bird] en liberté

one more tug and my shoe was free — un coup de plus et ma chaussure était dégagée

to set [somebody/something] free — libérer [person]; rendre la liberté à [animal]

to pull something free — dégager quelque chose

they had to cut the driver free (from his car) — on a dû couper la tôle de la voiture pour dégager le chauffeur

to break free — se libérer (de ses liens)

the boat broke free from ou of its moorings — le bateau a rompu ses amarres

3) ( devoid)

to be free from ou of somebody — être libéré de quelqu'un

free from ou of pollution — dépourvu de pollution

a day free from ou of interruptions — une journée sans interruptions

she was free from ou of any hatred — elle n'éprouvait aucune haine

this soup is free from ou of artificial colourings — cette soupe ne contient pas de colorants artificiels

4) ( costing nothing) gratuit

‘admission free’ — ‘entrée gratuite’

free gift — Commerce cadeau m

you can't expect a free ride — fig on n'a rien pour rien

5) ( not occupied) libre

are you free for lunch on Monday? — es-tu libre lundi pour déjeuner?

is this seat free? — cette place est-elle libre?

I'm trying to keep Tuesday free — j'essaie de garder mon mardi libre

6) (generous, lavish)

to be free with — être généreux/-euse avec [food]; être prodigue de [advice]

to be very free with money — dépenser sans compter

7) ( familiar) familier/-ière

8) Chemistry libre

9) Linguistics [form] non lié; [vowel, stress] libre
3.
adverb

1) ( at liberty) librement, en toute liberté

to go free — [hostage] être libéré; [criminal] circuler en toute liberté

2) ( without payment) gratuitement

children are admitted free — l'entrée est gratuite pour les enfants
4.
transitive verb

1) ( from captivity) libérer; ( from wreckage) dégager

to free somebody from — débarrasser quelqu'un de [prejudice]; décharger quelqu'un de [blame]; délivrer quelqu'un de [oppression, guilt]; soulager quelqu'un de [suffering]

2) ( make available) débloquer [money, resources]; libérer [person, hands]
5.
reflexive verb

to free oneself from — se dégager de [chains, wreckage]; se libérer de [influence]; se débarrasser de [burden]; se décharger de [blame]; se délivrer de [guilt]
6.
- free combining form

smoke/sugar-free — sans fumée/sucre

interest-free — Finance sans intérêt
7.
for free adverbial phrase gratuitement

••

to have a free hand — avoir carte blanche (in pour)

free as a bird ou the air — libre comme l'air

English-French dictionary > free

Страницы

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